Abstract
Contaminations of the gloriosa microtubers and allium microshoots as well as the medium were observed during the micropropagation. In order to recognize microorganisms that threaten in vitro cultures, identification of fungi and bacteria was carried out on the basis of morphological characteristics and selected physiological and biochemical tests. In case of bacteria, tests of pathogenicity were also conducted to fully assess their harmfulness. It was found out that the most commonly isolated were non-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria species of the Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella and Erwinia strains. However, 5 pectolytic isolates from allium microshoots were found to be pathogenic as they caused the rot of garlic shoots of all the studied plant taxa. Sarocladium, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Cladosporium were the most frequently isolated fungi, which are commonly found in nature as saprotrophs.
References
Altan F., Burun B., Sahin N., 2010. Fungal contaminants observed during micropropagation of Lilium candidum L. and the effect of chemotherapeutic substances applied after sterilization. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9(7), 991–95.
Bogatko J., Sobiszewski P., 1989. Bacterial soft rot of hyacinth and trials of its control. Proc. of the 7th Intern. Conf. of Plant Pathology. W: Z. Klement (red)., Plant pathogenic bacteria, Budapest, 801–805.
Bradbury J.F., 1988. Identyfication of cultivable bacteria from plants and plant tissue cultures by use of simple classical methods. Acta Hortic. 25, 27–37.
Brunner I., Echegaray A., Rubluo A., 1995. Isolation and characterization of bacterial contaminants from Dieffenbachia amoena Bull, Anthurium andreanum Linden and Spathiphyllum sp. Schoot cultured in vitro. Sci. Hortic. 62, 103–111.
Casselles A.C., 2012. Pathogen and biological contamination management in plant tissue culture: phytopathogens, vitro pathogens and vivo pests. Methods Mol. Biol. 877, 57–80.
Custers J.B.M., Bergervoet J.H.W., 1994. Micropropagation of gloriosa: Towards a practical protocol. Sci. Hortic. 57, 323–334.
Debergh P.C., Maene L.J., 1981. A scheme for commercial propagation of ornamental plants by tissue culture. Sci. Hortic. 14, 335–345.
Debergh P.C., Vanderschaeghe A., 1990. Mass propagation of in vitro plantlets. Chron. Hortic. 30(1), 1–2.
Ellis M.B. 1971. Dematiaceous, Hyphomycetes. Com. Myc. Inst., Kew, Surrey, England, 608 ss.
George E.F., 1993. Plant propagation by tissue culture. Part 1. The technology. Exegetics Ltd., Basingstoke, UK.
Guarro J., Gené J., Stchigel A.M., Figueras M.J., 2012. Atlas of soil Ascomycetes. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 485 ss.
Helaly M.N., El-Metwally M.A., El-Hoseiny H., Omar S.A., El-Sheery N.I., 2014. Effect of nanoparticles on biological contamination of in vitro cultures and organic regeneration of banana. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 8(4), 612–624.
Hidayat M., 2005. In vitro plant regeneration and bulblet formation of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) ‘Sumenep’. Acta Hortic. 688, 251–257.
Index Fungorum, www.indexfungorum.org.
Kim K.W., De Hertogh A., 1997. Tissue culture of ornamental flowering bulbs (Geophytes). Hortic. Rev. 18, 87–169.
Kowalik M., Reby E., 2002. Zakażenia powodowane przez bakterie na roślinach sadowniczych w kulturach in vitro. Zesz. Nauk. AR Krak. 388(82), 139–142.
Kuropatwa E., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Nurzyńska-Wierdak R., Zalewska E., 1997. The study of pathogenicity of bacterial isolates from garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs. Phytopathol. Pol. 13, 39–47.
Leifert C., 2000. Quality assurance systems for plant cell and tissue culture; the problem of latent persistence of bacterial pathogens and Agrobacterium-based transformation vector systems. Acta Hortic. 530, 87–92.
Leifert C., Morris C.E., Waites W.M., 1994. Ecology of microbiological saphrophytes and pathogens in tissue cultures and field-grown plants: reason for contamination problems in vitro. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 13(2), 139–189.
Lelliot R.A., Billing E., Hayward A.C., 1966. A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic pseudomonas. J. App. Bacteriol. 28, 470–489.
Marcinkowska J. 2012. Oznaczanie rodzajów grzybów sensu lato ważnych w fitopatologii. PWRiL, Warszawa, 508 ss.
Moreno-Vázquez S., Larranaga N., Uberhuága E.C., Bolacel Braga E.J., Perez-Luiz C., 2014. Bacterial contamination of in vitro plant cultures: confounding effects on somaclonal variation and detection of contamination in plant tissues. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 119(3), 533–541.
Msogoya T., Kanyagha H., Mutigitu J., Kulebelwa M., Mamiro D., 2012. Identification and management of microbial contaminants of banana in vitro cultures. J. Appl. Biosci. 55, 3987–3994.
Odutayo O.I., Amusa N.A., Okutade O.O., Ogunsanwo Y.R., 2007. Determination of the sources of microbial contaminants of cultured plant tissues. Plant Pathol. J. 6(1), 77– 81.
Odutayo O.I., Oso R.T., Akinyemi B.O., Amusa N.A., 2004. Microbial contaminants of cultured Hibiscus cannabinus and Telfaria occidentalis tissues. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 3(9), 473–476.
Orlikowska T., Zawadzka M. 2006. Bakterie w kulturach tkanek roślinnych in vitro. Biotechnologia 4(75), 64–77.
Reby E., Kowalik M., 2003. Microbiological analysis of air in the in vitro cultures laboratories. Folia Holtic. 15(2), 211–216.
Reed B.M., Mentzer J., Tanprasert P., Yu X., 1998. Internal bacterial contamination of micropropogated hazelnut: identification and antibiotic treatment. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 52, 67–70.
Sochacki D., Orlikowska T., 1997. Inicjacja kultur narcyza z różnych eksplantatów. Zesz. Nauk. AR Krak. 318(50), 199–202.
Sochacki D., Orlikowska T., 2005. The factors influencing micropropagation of Narcissus. Acta Hortic. 673, 669–673.
Sutton B.C., 1980. Coleomycetes, fungi imperfecti with picnidia, acervuli and stroma. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, 696.
Watanabe T., 2010. Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi. Morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. 3rd edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 404 ss.
Wojtania A., Puławska J., Gabryszewska E., 2005. Identyfication and elimination of bacterial contaminants from Pelargonium tissue cultures. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 13, 101–108.
Zenkteler E., 2009. Drobnoustroje endogenne i biotyzacja. W: Malepszy S. (red.), Biotechnologia roślin. PWN, Warszawa, rozdz. 6, 54–75.
Ziv M., Lilien-Kipnis H., 2000. Bud regeneration from inflorescence explants for rapid propagation of geophytes in vitro. Plant Cell Rep. 19, 845–850.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
