Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth rate and some morphological features of plants as well as the chemical composition of flowers and inflorescences of 7 selected cultivars of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and reference cultivars suitable for pharmaceutical processing. Marigold plants were grown from direct sowing in the last 10 days of April. A collection of the raw material was made by hand, in late July, when the inflorescences are fully developed. Among the studied cultivars, the highest growth rate was characteristic of ‘Indian Prince’, and then ‘Tokaj Żółty’, ‘Słomka Żółta’ and ‘Deja Vu’. The fresh weight of the inflorescence was greatest in the ‘Green Heart’. Plants of all cultivars are characterized by a higher content of flavonoids in the marginal than middle florets. More carotenoids in the ligulate than in tubular florets was found in the cultivars ‘Persimmon Beauty’, ‘Deja Vu’, ‘Pink Surprise’ and ‘Słomka Żółta’. The greatest amount of essential oil (1.40 mL · 100 g–1 a.d.m.) was found in the tubular florets in the ‘Indian Prince’. Of particular interest in terms of the chemical composition of the raw material should be considered cultivars ‘Indian Prince’ and ‘Persimmon Beauty’.
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