The purpose of the study was to analyze the yield and the elements of the yield structure of four winter wheat cultivars – three common wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare): ‘Laudis’, ‘Patinas’ and ‘Danubius’ and one durum wheat cultivar (Triticum durum Desf. ‘Lupidur’) and four cultivars of spring wheat – two cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare): ‘Nawra’ and ‘Telimena’ and two cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. ‘Haristide’ and ‘Floradur’) cultivated in the conventional farming system. The field experiment was carried out in 2018–2021 on a farm in Niedrzwica Duża in Lubelskie Voivodeship. The cultivation conditions and agrotechnical treatments were the same for all species/cultivars in the following years of the study. The higher yield presented common wheat compared to durum wheat cultivars, moreover, winter forms presented a higher yield than spring ones for both species. A different reaction of the species compared in the years of the research was shown, especially for the spring forms. In the periods of increased water shortages, the yield of durum wheat did not differ significantly from that of common wheat. In the years with a more optimal distribution of precipitation, the yield of common wheat was higher from 18.4% to 28.7%.
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