Abstract
The objective of the work was to determine the intensity and frequency of occurrence of ground and air frosts at the Zawady Experimental Station from 2002 to 2013. The frequency and intensity of air (measured at a height of 200 cm above the ground level) and ground (5 cm above the ground level) frosts occurring in spring and autumn were analysed. The dates when the last frosts were recorded in spring and the first frosts occurred in autumn were determined. Moreover, the number of days per each intensity class was determined depending on the season (spring, autumn). The annual number of days with ground frost at the Zawady Experimental Station in the study years was higher than or the same as the number of days when air frosts occurred, the reverse situation being noticed in 2005 and 2009. Mild frosts occurred much more frequently than severe frosts, the latter being also more frequent in the spring than autumn. In addition, mild frosts were recorded more often at a height of 200 cm above the ground level and moderate and severe frosts prevailed at a height of 5 cm above the ground level. The times of occurrence of the last mild ground frosts in spring and the first frosts of this kind in autumn were similar to the times when air frosts of the same intensity were observed. By contrast, moderate and severe ground frosts were recorded longer in spring and started earlier in autumn than air frosts.
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