Abstract
. A two-factor strict field experiment was conducted to determine fungal disease infestation of 4 winter wheat species in relation to the level of intensification of cultivation technology. Within the scope of fungal disease infestation the determinations included indices of wheat infestation with stem basal rot (Gaeumannomyces graminis), eyespot (Tapesia yallundae), wheat leaf brown rust (Puccinia recondita), septoria tritici blotch (Septoria tritici) and powdery mildew of cereals and grasses (Blumeria graminis). The highest index of infestation with stem basal rot was demonstrated for durum wheat – 11.05, while the lowest was noted for einkorn wheat – 4.14 and spelt wheat – 4.54. The application of a higher level of cultivation technology (e.g. comprehensive plant protection) significantly improved the health status of wheat plants (infestation index decrease from 7.01 to 5.75). Distinctly lower infestation indices (0.15–0.18) were noted in the case of eyespot. Durum wheat proved to be the least resistant to that pathogen, while einkorn wheat was the least susceptible. A higher level of cultivation technology significantly reduced the occurrence of that disease. Among the leaf diseases, septoria tritici blotch occurred with the highest intensity. The most susceptible to that pathogen was the common wheat cultivar Tonacja, for which the infestation index attained the highest value of 2.84. Spelt wheat and einkorn wheat were characterised by the lowest values of the index – 2.13 and 2.19, respectively. Irrespective of the species compared, a higher level of cultivation technology caused a decrease in the infestation index values. Durum, spelt and einkorn wheats displayed a significant improvement of their health status at the higher level of cultivation technology, while in the case of common wheat only an improving tendency was noted. Lower infestation indices were noted for brown rust and powdery mildew. Among the wheat species compared, the least infested were plants of einkorn wheat, with index values of 1.20 and 1.07, respectively. The other species were characterised by similar susceptibility to brown rust, and in the case of powdery mildew the most infested was spelt wheat. A higher level of cultivation technology reduced the occurrence of those pathogens, irrespective of the wheat species.
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