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Tom 79 Nr 1 (2024)

Artykuły

Nanocząstki tlenku cynku – przykłady oddziaływań na wzrost i rozwój roślin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2024.5199
Przesłane: 24 maja 2023
Opublikowane: 07-08-2024

Abstrakt

Nanomateriały zawierające tlenek cynku znajdują coraz szersze zastosowanie w różnych gałęziach przemysłu oraz w rolnictwie. Dane literaturowe potwierdzają, że nanocząstki tlenku cynku mogą korzystnie wpływać na kiełkowanie, wzrost roślin, przebieg fotosyntezy i wybrane procesy metaboliczne u różnych gatunków roślin. Użycie nanocząstek tlenku cynku może przyczynić się do poprawy plonowania roślin, jednak konieczne jest dopasowanie dawki tego nanonawozu do fazy rozwoju i gatunku rośliny. Nanocząstki tlenku cynku (ang. zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZnONPs) uwalniają jony cynku, w ten sposób przyczyniają się do lepszego odżywienia roślin w ten składnik i mogą wpływać na zmniejszenie zanieczyszczenia gleby spowodowanego nadmiernym stosowaniem nawozów. Zastosowanie nanocząstek tlenku cynku może też wiązać się z ryzykiem toksykologicznym dla roślin. Toksyczność wywołana przez ZnONPs może przejawiać się zmniejszeniem zdolności kiełkowania, hamowaniem wzrostu, zaburzeniami podziału komórek, nieprawidłową ekspresją genów, objawami stresu oksydacyjnego. Nanotoksyczność tlenku cynku zależy zarówno od wielkości nanocząstek, dawki, jak i gatunku rośliny.

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