Development of biotic stress resistant F1 interspecific hybrid rootstock derived from Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum habrochaites

Aylin Kabaş; Ibrahim Celik

doi:10.24326/asphc.2021.5.10

Tom 20 Nr 5 (2021)

Artykuły

Development of biotic stress resistant F1 interspecific hybrid rootstock derived from Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum habrochaites

Aylin Kabaş⁺⁻
Ibrahim Celik⁺⁻

PDF (English)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.5.10
Przesłane: 27 lutego 2020
Opublikowane: 2021-10-29

Abstrakt

Tomato is major horticultural plant consumed worldwide. Biotic stress (nematodes, fungus and bacteria) has negative effect on tomato production due to causing reduced yield or plant death. Rootstocks confer resistance to soil-borne pathogen are considered the most effective and environment friendly approach for such a stress management. Thus, development of genetic resources having multiple resistance genes is essential for sustainable tomato breeding. Solanum habrochaites is one of the most studied wild tomato species due to its high genetic potential for biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, rootstock potential of an interspecific F1 hybrid derived from S. habrochaites was evaluated as using resistance genes (Frl, I-2, I-3, Mi-3, Pto Ty-1, Ty-3 and Sw-5) specific molecular markers for 6 major tomato diseases and 31 fruit quality traits. The study reported that F1 hybrid had resistance alleles for 5 genes (Frl, I-2, I-3, Pto and Sw-5) confer resistance to fusarium crown rot disease, crown – root rot disease, race 2 and 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici, bacterial speck and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), respectively. Despite high performance of F1 hybrid for biotic stress, the study pointed S. habrochaites specific graft incompatibility due to poor rate of grafting efficiency, small fruit formation and low yield. This is the first comprehensive study evaluated the horticultural performance of an interspecific hybrid in tomato.

Bibliografia

Ashita, E. (1927). Grafting of watermelons. Agr. Uwsl., 1, 9 [in Japanese].
Cohen, S., Naor, A. (2002). The effect of three rootstocks on water use, canopy conductance and hydraulic parameters of apple trees and predicting canopy from hydraulic conductance. Plant, Cell Environ., 25(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00795.x
Dianese, E.C., de Fonseca, M.E., Goldbach, R., Kormelink, R.G., Inoue-Nagata, A.K., Resende, R.O., Boiteux, L.S. (2010). Development of a locus-specific, co-dominant SCAR marker for assisted-selection of the Sw-5 (Tospovirus resistance) gene cluster in a wide range of tomato accessions. Mol. Breeding, 25(133). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-009-9313-8
Djidonou, D., Simonne, A.H., Koch, K.E., Brecht, J.K., Zhao, X. (2016). Nutritional quality of field-grown tomato fruit as affected by grafting with interspecific hybrid rootstocks. HortSci., 51(12), 1618–1624. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11275-16
Doyle, J.J., Doyle, J.L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem. Bull., 19(1), 11–15.
FAO. (2018). Statistics of food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Available: https://www.fao.org/3/CA1796EN/ca1796en.pdf? [date of access: 18.11.2021].
Fischer, I., Camus‐Kulandaivelu, L., Allal, F., Stephan, W. (2011). Adaptation to drought in two wild tomato species: the evolution of the Asr gene family. New Phytol., 190(4), 1032–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03648.x
Frusciante, L., Carli, P., Ercolano, M.R., Pernice, R., Di Matteo, A., Fogliano, V., Pellegrini, N. (2007). Antioxidant nutritional quality of tomato. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 51(5), 609–617. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600158
Garcia, B.E., Mejía, L., Salus, M.S., Martin, C.T., Seah, S., Williamson, V.M., Maxwell, D.P. (2007). A co-dominant SCAR marker, Mi23, for detection of the Mi-1.2 gene for resistance to root-knot nematode in tomato germplasm. Available: http://invirlab.plantpath.wisc.edu/GeminivirusResistantTomatoes/Markers/MAS-Protocols/Mi23-SCAR.pdf [date of access: 18.11.2021].
Hemming, M.N., Basuki, S., McGrath, D.J., Carroll, B., Jones, D.A. (2004). Fine mapping of the tomato I-3 gene for fusarium wilt resistance and elimination of a co-segregating resistance gene analogue as a candidate for I-3. Theor. Appl. Genet., 109, 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1646-4
Ibrahim, M., Munira, M.K., Kabir, M.S., Islam, A.K.M.S, Miah, M.M.U. (2001). Seed germination and graft compatibility of wild Solanum as rootstock of tomato. Online Journal of Biological Sciences., 1(8),701-703.Jaksch, T., Kell, K. (1997). Grafting tomatoes ensures higher yields. Gemüse Münch., 33(5), 345–346.
Ji, Y., Schuster, D.J., Scott, J.W. (2007). Ty-3, a begomo virüs resistance locus near the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance locus Ty-1 on chromosome 6 of tomato. Mol. Breed., 20, 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-007-9089-7
Kawaguchi, M., Taji, A., Backhouse, D., Oda, M. (2008). Anatomy and physiology of graft incompatibility in solanaceous plants. J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol., 83(5), 581–588. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427
Keatinge, J.D.H., Lin, L.-J., Ebert, A.W., Chen, W.Y., Hughes, J.d’A., Luther, G.C., Wang, J.-F., Ravishankar, M. (2014). Overcoming biotic and abiotic stresses in the Solanaceae through grafting: current status and future perspectives. Biol. Agricult. Horticult., 30(4), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2014.964317
Kell, K., Jaksch, T. (1998). Comparison of stocks in tomato, Gemüse Münch., 34(12), 700–704.
King, S.R., Davis, A.R., Zhang, X., Crosby, K. (2010). Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstocks for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Sci. Horticult., 127(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.001
Kurata, K. (1992). Transplant production robots in Japan. In: Transplant production systems. Springer, Dordrecht, 313–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2785-1_17
Lee, S.G., Choi, J.U., Kim, K.Y., Chung, J.H., Lee, Y.B. (1997). Effect of rootstocks and grafting methods on the growth and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). RDA J. Horticult. Sci., 39(2), 15–20.
Lee, J.M., Oda, M. (2003). Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops. Horticult. Rev., 28, 61–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650851.ch2
Leoni, S., Grudina, R., Cadinu, M., Madeddu, B., Carletti, M.G. (1991). The influence of four rootstocks on some melon hybrids and a cultivar in greenhouse. Acta Horticult., 287, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1991.287.12
Louws, F.J., Rivard, C.L., Kubota, C. (2010). Grafting fruiting vegetables to manage soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens, arthropods and weeds. Sci. Horticult., 127(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.023
Mng’omba, S.A., Sileshi, G.W., Jamnadass, R., Akinnifesi, F.K., Mhango, J. (2012). Scion and Stock diameter size effect on growth and fruit production of Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) trees. J. Horticult. Forest., 4(9), 153–160.
Mutlu, N., Demirelli, A., Ilbi, H., Ikten, C. (2015). Development of co-dominant SCAR markers linked to resistant gene against the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Theor. Appl. Genet., 128, 1791–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2547-4
Oda, M., Nagata, M., Tsuji, K., Sasaki, H. (1996). Effect of scarlet eggplant rootstock on growth, yield, and sugar content of grafted tomato fruits. J. Japan. Soc. Horticult. Sci.., 65(3), 531–536.
Oda, M. (1999). Grafting of vegetables to improve greenhouse production. Available: https://www.fftc.org.tw/en/publications/main/1383 [date of access: 18.11.2021].
Pérez de Castro, A., Blanca, J.M., Díez, M.J., Viñals, F.N. (2007). Identification of a CAPS marker tightly linked to the Tomato yellow leaf curl disease resistance gene Ty-1 in tomato. Europ J. Plant Pathol., 117(4), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9103-2
Rivard, C.L., O'Connell, S., Peet, M.M., Louws, F.J. (2010). Grafting tomato with interspecific rootstock to manage diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and southern root-knot nematode. Plant Dis., 94(8), 1015–1021. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-1015
Samfield, D.M., Zajicek, J.M., Cobb, B.G. (1991). Rate and uniformity of herbaceous perennial seed germination and emergence as affected by priming. J. Am. Soc. Horticult. Sci., 116(1), 10–13.
Staniaszek, M., Kozik, E.U., Marczewski, W. (2007). A CAPS marker TAO1902 diagonistic for the I-2 gene conferring resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 2 in tomato. Plant Breed., 126(3), 331–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01355.x
Turhan, A., Ozmen, N., Serbeci, M.S., Seniz, V. (2011). Effects of grafting on different rootstocks on tomato fruit yield and quality. Horticult. Sci., 38(4), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.17221/51/2011-HORTSCI
UPOV (2001). Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Tomato. Available: https://www.upov.int/en/publications/tg-rom/tg044/tg_44_10.pdf [date of access: 18.11.2021].
Yamakawa, B. (1983). [Grafting]. In: Vegetable handbook, Nishi, K., 141–153 [in Japanese].
Yang, W., Francis, D.M. (2005). Marker-assisted selection for combining resistance to bacterial spot and bacterial speck in tomato. J. Am. Soc. Horticult. Sci., 130(5), 716–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.130.5.716
Yetişir, H., Yarşi, G., Sari, N. (2004). Sebzelerde Aşilama [Grafting in vegetables]. Bahçe, 33(1–2), 27–37 [in Turkish].
Yücel, S., Elekçioğlu, I.H., Can, C., Söğüt, M.A., Özarslandan, A. (2007). Alternative treatments to methyl bromide in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turk. J. Agricult. Forest., 31(1), 47–53.
Zhang, C.L., Zhang, Y.D., Lu, L.W., Zhu, J.C. (1995). On the potassium uptake of the graft plants of diffrrent varieties of tomato. J. Nanjing Agricult. Univ., 18(3), 72–80.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Słowa kluczowe

marker assisted selection
interspecific F1 hybrid
fruit quality traits
resistant

Prawa autorskie

Podobne artykuły

Mohammadreza Khatami Moghaddam, Hormoz Fallah, Yosoof Niknejad, Salman Dastan, Investigating the altitude impact on the eco-phytochemical parameters of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Sophora alopecuroides in the different regions of northern Iran , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 21 Nr 1 (2022)
İbrahim Kahramanoğlu, Volkan Oktan, Chuying Chen, Zengyu Gan, Chunpeng Wan, Postharvest hydrothermal treatments to maintain quality of ‘Newhall’ navel orange. , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 21 Nr 2 (2022)
Sadiye Peral Eyduran, Meleksen Akin, Sezai Ercisli, Emrah Zeybekoglu, Morphological and biochemical diversity in Rosa species , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 21 Nr 5 (2022)
Katarzyna Dzida, Zenia Michałojć, Zbigniew Jarosz, Karolina Pitura, Natalia Skubij, EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BASIL HERB , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 17 Nr 6 (2018)
Barbara Marcinek, Katarzyna Karczmarz, Mariusz Szmagara, Wojciech Durlak, Elżbieta Pogroszewska, INFLUENCE OF A PROLONG APPLICATION OF MINERAL OILS ON BULB YIELD, QUALITY OF CUT FLOWERS AND SPREAD OF VIRUSES IN TULIP CULTIVATION , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 17 Nr 1 (2018)
Hatice Bilir Ekbiç, Emre Yaman, Damla Bender Özenç, Ercan Ekbic, Effects of hazelnut husk compost and tea residue compost on quality and performance of 5 BB American grapevine rootstock saplings. , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 21 Nr 5 (2022)
Jaroslav Kobliha, Jan Stejskal, Milan Lstibůrek, Jan Typta, Ivana Tomášková, Pavel Jakubův, TESTING OF HYBRID PROGENIES AND VARIOUS SPECIES OF GENUS Abies FOR FORESTRY, DECORATING HORTICULTURE AND CHRISTMAS TREE PRODUCTION , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 12 Nr 4 (2013)
Robert Gruszecki, Aneta Stawiarz, Biostimulants containing amino acids in vegetable crop production , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 20 Nr 6 (2021)
Abdulaziz R. Alharbi, Jouke Campen, Mohamed Sharaf, Feije de Zwart, Wim Voogt, Kess Scheffers, Ilias Tsafaras, Mohamed E. Abdelaziz, Omer Babiker, Nazim Gruda, Muien Qaryouti, Khalid Al-Assaf, EFFECT OF CLEAR AND DEFUSE GLASS COVERING MATERIALS ON FRUIT YIELD AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER GROWN IN HOT CLIMATE , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 20 Nr 3 (2021)
Ewa Dorota Król, Barbara Anna Abramczyk, Ewa Dorota Zalewska, Beata Zimowska, FUNGI INHABITING FRUIT TREE SHOOTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE Diaporthe (Phomopsis) GENUS , Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus: Tom 16 Nr 4 (2017)

<< < 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 > >>

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.

[1] Ashita, E. (1927). Grafting of watermelons. Agr. Uwsl., 1, 9 [in Japanese].

[2] Cohen, S., Naor, A. (2002). The effect of three rootstocks on water use, canopy conductance and hydraulic parameters of apple trees and predicting canopy from hydraulic conductance. Plant, Cell Environ., 25(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00795.x

[3] Dianese, E.C., de Fonseca, M.E., Goldbach, R., Kormelink, R.G., Inoue-Nagata, A.K., Resende, R.O., Boiteux, L.S. (2010). Development of a locus-specific, co-dominant SCAR marker for assisted-selection of the Sw-5 (Tospovirus resistance) gene cluster in a wide range of tomato accessions. Mol. Breeding, 25(133). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-009-9313-8

[4] Djidonou, D., Simonne, A.H., Koch, K.E., Brecht, J.K., Zhao, X. (2016). Nutritional quality of field-grown tomato fruit as affected by grafting with interspecific hybrid rootstocks. HortSci., 51(12), 1618–1624. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11275-16

[5] Doyle, J.J., Doyle, J.L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem. Bull., 19(1), 11–15.

[6] FAO. (2018). Statistics of food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Available: https://www.fao.org/3/CA1796EN/ca1796en.pdf? [date of access: 18.11.2021].

[7] Fischer, I., Camus‐Kulandaivelu, L., Allal, F., Stephan, W. (2011). Adaptation to drought in two wild tomato species: the evolution of the Asr gene family. New Phytol., 190(4), 1032–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03648.x

[8] Frusciante, L., Carli, P., Ercolano, M.R., Pernice, R., Di Matteo, A., Fogliano, V., Pellegrini, N. (2007). Antioxidant nutritional quality of tomato. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 51(5), 609–617. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600158

[9] Garcia, B.E., Mejía, L., Salus, M.S., Martin, C.T., Seah, S., Williamson, V.M., Maxwell, D.P. (2007). A co-dominant SCAR marker, Mi23, for detection of the Mi-1.2 gene for resistance to root-knot nematode in tomato germplasm. Available: http://invirlab.plantpath.wisc.edu/GeminivirusResistantTomatoes/Markers/MAS-Protocols/Mi23-SCAR.pdf [date of access: 18.11.2021].

[10] Hemming, M.N., Basuki, S., McGrath, D.J., Carroll, B., Jones, D.A. (2004). Fine mapping of the tomato I-3 gene for fusarium wilt resistance and elimination of a co-segregating resistance gene analogue as a candidate for I-3. Theor. Appl. Genet., 109, 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1646-4

[11] Ibrahim, M., Munira, M.K., Kabir, M.S., Islam, A.K.M.S, Miah, M.M.U. (2001). Seed germination and graft compatibility of wild Solanum as rootstock of tomato. Online Journal of Biological Sciences., 1(8),701-703.Jaksch, T., Kell, K. (1997). Grafting tomatoes ensures higher yields. Gemüse Münch., 33(5), 345–346.

[12] Ji, Y., Schuster, D.J., Scott, J.W. (2007). Ty-3, a begomo virüs resistance locus near the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance locus Ty-1 on chromosome 6 of tomato. Mol. Breed., 20, 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-007-9089-7

[13] Kawaguchi, M., Taji, A., Backhouse, D., Oda, M. (2008). Anatomy and physiology of graft incompatibility in solanaceous plants. J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol., 83(5), 581–588. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427

[14] Keatinge, J.D.H., Lin, L.-J., Ebert, A.W., Chen, W.Y., Hughes, J.d’A., Luther, G.C., Wang, J.-F., Ravishankar, M. (2014). Overcoming biotic and abiotic stresses in the Solanaceae through grafting: current status and future perspectives. Biol. Agricult. Horticult., 30(4), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2014.964317

[15] Kell, K., Jaksch, T. (1998). Comparison of stocks in tomato, Gemüse Münch., 34(12), 700–704.

[16] King, S.R., Davis, A.R., Zhang, X., Crosby, K. (2010). Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstocks for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Sci. Horticult., 127(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.001

[17] Kurata, K. (1992). Transplant production robots in Japan. In: Transplant production systems. Springer, Dordrecht, 313–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2785-1_17

[18] Lee, S.G., Choi, J.U., Kim, K.Y., Chung, J.H., Lee, Y.B. (1997). Effect of rootstocks and grafting methods on the growth and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). RDA J. Horticult. Sci., 39(2), 15–20.

[19] Lee, J.M., Oda, M. (2003). Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops. Horticult. Rev., 28, 61–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650851.ch2

[20] Leoni, S., Grudina, R., Cadinu, M., Madeddu, B., Carletti, M.G. (1991). The influence of four rootstocks on some melon hybrids and a cultivar in greenhouse. Acta Horticult., 287, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1991.287.12

[21] Louws, F.J., Rivard, C.L., Kubota, C. (2010). Grafting fruiting vegetables to manage soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens, arthropods and weeds. Sci. Horticult., 127(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.023

[22] Mng’omba, S.A., Sileshi, G.W., Jamnadass, R., Akinnifesi, F.K., Mhango, J. (2012). Scion and Stock diameter size effect on growth and fruit production of Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) trees. J. Horticult. Forest., 4(9), 153–160.

[23] Mutlu, N., Demirelli, A., Ilbi, H., Ikten, C. (2015). Development of co-dominant SCAR markers linked to resistant gene against the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Theor. Appl. Genet., 128, 1791–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2547-4

[24] Oda, M., Nagata, M., Tsuji, K., Sasaki, H. (1996). Effect of scarlet eggplant rootstock on growth, yield, and sugar content of grafted tomato fruits. J. Japan. Soc. Horticult. Sci.., 65(3), 531–536.

[25] Oda, M. (1999). Grafting of vegetables to improve greenhouse production. Available: https://www.fftc.org.tw/en/publications/main/1383 [date of access: 18.11.2021].

[26] Pérez de Castro, A., Blanca, J.M., Díez, M.J., Viñals, F.N. (2007). Identification of a CAPS marker tightly linked to the Tomato yellow leaf curl disease resistance gene Ty-1 in tomato. Europ J. Plant Pathol., 117(4), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9103-2

[27] Rivard, C.L., O'Connell, S., Peet, M.M., Louws, F.J. (2010). Grafting tomato with interspecific rootstock to manage diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and southern root-knot nematode. Plant Dis., 94(8), 1015–1021. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-8-1015

[28] Samfield, D.M., Zajicek, J.M., Cobb, B.G. (1991). Rate and uniformity of herbaceous perennial seed germination and emergence as affected by priming. J. Am. Soc. Horticult. Sci., 116(1), 10–13.

[29] Staniaszek, M., Kozik, E.U., Marczewski, W. (2007). A CAPS marker TAO1902 diagonistic for the I-2 gene conferring resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici race 2 in tomato. Plant Breed., 126(3), 331–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01355.x

[30] Turhan, A., Ozmen, N., Serbeci, M.S., Seniz, V. (2011). Effects of grafting on different rootstocks on tomato fruit yield and quality. Horticult. Sci., 38(4), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.17221/51/2011-HORTSCI

[31] UPOV (2001). Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Tomato. Available: https://www.upov.int/en/publications/tg-rom/tg044/tg_44_10.pdf [date of access: 18.11.2021].

[32] Yamakawa, B. (1983). [Grafting]. In: Vegetable handbook, Nishi, K., 141–153 [in Japanese].

[33] Yang, W., Francis, D.M. (2005). Marker-assisted selection for combining resistance to bacterial spot and bacterial speck in tomato. J. Am. Soc. Horticult. Sci., 130(5), 716–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.130.5.716

[34] Yetişir, H., Yarşi, G., Sari, N. (2004). Sebzelerde Aşilama [Grafting in vegetables]. Bahçe, 33(1–2), 27–37 [in Turkish].

[35] Yücel, S., Elekçioğlu, I.H., Can, C., Söğüt, M.A., Özarslandan, A. (2007). Alternative treatments to methyl bromide in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turk. J. Agricult. Forest., 31(1), 47–53.

[36] Zhang, C.L., Zhang, Y.D., Lu, L.W., Zhu, J.C. (1995). On the potassium uptake of the graft plants of diffrrent varieties of tomato. J. Nanjing Agricult. Univ., 18(3), 72–80.