Most breeds of cattle reared in Europe are native breeds, i.e. those that are locally kept within one country. In Poland, 4 local cattle breeds are maintained, i.e. Polish Red, White-Backed, Polish Black and White, and Polish Red and White. In Italy, however, 23 breeds are registered, i.e. Modenese, Montana, Modicana, Oropa, Reggiana, Rendena and Sarda. Previous studies indicate that the milk of local breeds of cows is characterized by a more favorable composition, and better parameters of technological suitability for the production of cheeses in comparison to highly productive breeds. Due to the lower productivity of local breeds in many EU countries, including Italy, they are promoted through the production of regional products, which are distinguished by a special quality mark and protected by the EU. Therefore, Poland should use these patterns and produce regional and traditional products, including cheeses, on the basis of milk of local breeds.
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