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Tom 73 Nr 2 (2018)

Artykuły

Białka gluteninowe – charakterystyka i ich wpływ na właściwości reologiczne pszenicy. Praca przeglądowa

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asx.2018.2.1
Przesłane: 28 grudnia 2018
Opublikowane: 29-07-2018

Abstrakt

Pszenica należy do najważniejszych roślin zbożowych i jest powszechnie wykorzystywana w celach konsumpcyjnych. Obecnie prowadzi się silną selekcję odmian pod względem poprawy jej cech jakościowych. Jedną z ważniejszych cech pszenicy, decydującą o jej późniejszym wykorzystaniu, jest zawartość białek, które determinują właściwości lepkosprężyste ciasta pszennego. Właściwości reologiczne glutenu warunkowane są przez ilość i kompozycję białek zapasowych (glutenin i gliadyn) wchodzących w jego skład, przy czym białka gluteninowe wykazują znacząco większy wpływ na korzystne właściwości reologiczne. Poznanie ich składu podjednostkowego w ziarnie pszenicy, szczególnie podjednostek glutenin wysokocząsteczkowych (HMW – GS), umożliwia wybór genotypów o pożądanych właściwościach reologicznych na wczesnym etapie selekcji, co pozwala na szybsze i dokładniejsze osiągnięcie założonych przez hodowców celów. Rozwój technologii pozwolił na wykorzystanie nowych metod identyfikacji składu podjednostkowego glutenin. W tym celu obecnie stosuje się metody SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, HPCE, MALDI-TOF-MS oraz PCR.

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