The aim of the paper is discussing the multifunctionality of agriculture and its link with sustainable development as well as the role of agricultural sciences in implementation of those ideas. On the ground of a general description of development rules the industrialization and modernisation of agriculture and its limitation were presented. The idea of multifunctionality and its forms, multifunctional dimension of agricultural farms, multifunctional strategies and their effects were analysed. Proposals for the role of agricultural sciences in multifunctional and sustainable development of agriculture in Poland were suggested.