We studied the possibility of seed improvement by means of the influence of different ecological factors on parent plants of Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum vulgare L. It was established, that the dynamics of development of plants from seed obtained in different ecological conditions was influenced by hydrothermal, soil and light factors, mineral root and spray feeds of maternal plants. Differences in seed chemical structure were not marked, but different dynamics of the offspring plant development was demonstrated. An attempt was made to understand the mechanism of parent phenotype influence on posterity phenotype. It was established that organic compounds, which could facilitate transporting mineral nutrition elements into parent plants, could increase the seeds quality. Having carried out the research, we came to the conclusion that the seed quality could be improved not only by cereal breeding, but also by a special choice of cultivar specific ecological niche in which qualitative seeds could be received. In this connection, the study of "plant-soil" system functioning and the development of methods of biological correction of this system functioning and its environment factors stability increase is an important direction of recultivation of human changed territories. Certainly, such a technology of cereal seed growing is highly adaptive.