Wpływ głębokości umieszczania nawozu wieloskładnikowego w glebie na plony roślin

Jan Pabin

Andrzej Biskupski

Stanisław Włodek

Abstrakt

The study was carried out to determine the effect of the depth of placing a multicomponent fertilizer in the arable layer of soil on the quantity of crop yield. The tests were based on two microplot experiments. Experiment 1 was set on light soil, Experiment 2 on medium one. Each experiment consisted of thirty square meter plots separated from each other by concrete insulating walls to 120 cm depth. In both experiments following fertilizing variants were applied: I – 0.5 dose superficially, mixed up with a rake, II – 1.0 dose superficially, like in I, III – 0.5 dose superficially, like in I, and 0.5 dose at 10 cm depth, IV – 0.5 dose superficially, like in I, and 0.5 dose at 20 cm depth, V – 0.5 dose superficially, like in I, and 0.5 dose at 30 cm depth. In Experiment 1 (1996), oats (1997) and winter rye (1998) were grown maize, and in Experiment 2 - maize (1996), oats (1997) and winter wheat (1998). Single fertilization was applied before sowing in the form of Polifoska 6 NPK (6:20: 30) at the same doses in both experiments: for maize – 30.0 kg N, 43.7 kg P and 124.0 kg K a hectare, for oats, winter rye and winter wheat – 20.0 kg N, 35.0 kg P and 99.6 kg K a hectare. Application of multicomponent fertilizer at 0.5 dose superficially and 0.5 dose at 10, 20 or 30 cm depth appeared to have exerted a significant influence the on increase in yields of the test plants (as compared to a whole dose superficially) on both light and medium soil. A positive correlation between the depth of placing the multicomponent fertilizer and the yield of crops was conditioned by the course of weather, mainly precipitation. Its specification accrued together with intensified precipitation deficits in the period of highest water requirement of the plants.