A weed seed bank store of 0–1 and 1–10 soil layers, in dependence on different weed control measures used for winter wheat, was investigated. The treatments were: A – without any measure, B – harrowing in Autumn, GS 09–10, C – harrowing in Spring, GS 24–25, B + C – twice harrowing, D – herbicide (Chisel DF foliar application one week after spring harrowing and BD, CD and BCD combination. The winter wheat was cultivated on brown loessial soil after potato forecrop in the 1995/96 – 1997/98 seasons. The soil seed bank was assessed in the time of winter wheat harvest. Significant variability of the seed bank store, in each layer, between the years was proved and a clear tendency to seed number decreases, in comparison to control treatment was noticed: on average, 10 954 and 18 011 of weed seeds, respectively in 0–1 and 1–10 soil layers occurred per m2; Chenopodium album fruits dominated, consituted, respectively to 41–79% and 83–91% of the seed bank.