Wpływ pielęgnacji na stan i stopień zachwaszczenia łanu w ochronie plonu pszenżyta ozimego

Maria Hruszka

Abstrakt

The goal of the experiment was to assess the influence of herbicides and proecological cultivation treatments of winter triticale sowing on the structure and range of occurrence of weeds in the canopy. The research was conducted in years 2000–2002 in the Olsztyn microregion in north-east Poland based on static field experiments. The experiments were conducted as one-factor ones with random block method. The subject of the assessment was winter triticale, Bogo strain, cultivated in crop rotation with maize and faba bean. Six weed control methods were tested: two mechanical ones (harrowing once and twice after resumed vegetation by triticale – second 10 days’ period after the first one), two chemical ones (herbicide Glean 75 DF applied after sowing, Granstar 75 WG – applied in the last phase of layering) and two biological ones (ploughed faba bean straw with intercrop straw – first spring vetch, second buckwheat). The aim was to check and utilize phytosanitary properties of ploughed plants. The scope of the research covered the analysis of the structure and degree of triticale crop weed. Measurements were conducted 4 times with a frame method in two defined points of each patch, in accordance with the intensive mechanical cultivation schedule. It was found out that the number and structure of weed population in the winter triticale crop were mostly determined by agroclimatic conditions. The majority of weed species (89.4%) found in the winter triticale crop were from a lower level such as: Viola arvensis, Veronica arvensis, Capsella bursa -pastoris and Stellaria media, which did not present a significant threat because of insignificant biomass. The research showed that the best results of weed control were achieved by the methods based on herbicides. However, pro-ecological methods – mechanical and biological ones – were almost as effective as the methods based on herbicides.