Structural and functional characteristics of prolactin and its gene in the American mink (Neovison vison Schreb., 1777). A rewiev
Jakub Skorupski
Department of Genetic and Animal Breeding West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Doktora Judyma 6, 71-466 SzczecinMarek Kmieć
Department of Genetic and Animal Breeding West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Doktora Judyma 6, 71-466 SzczecinAbstrakt
Prolactin belongs to a group of hormones having the most comprehensive, systemic biological activity. PRL functions can be divided into two groups – activities associated with the
maintenance of homeostasis (osmotropic, somatotrophic and metabotropic activity, impact on behavior, immunomodulation) and related with reproduction (effects on mammary gland, ovary and uterus, effect on physiology of pregnancy, effect on testes and accessory sex glands, impact on behavior related to reproduction and parenthood). Prolactin gene occurs in American mink in one copy and is located in chromosome 13. Because of the many functions of PRL, its gene is considered as a gene conditioning quantitative traits. It seems desirable to pay particular attention to the relationship of high level of lactation yield of mink females with features conditioning their vigor and vitality during offspring feeding. It is important because of the particularly heavy burden on the female body during this period, observed in carnivorous fur-bearing animals.
Słowa kluczowe:
prolactin, prolactin gene, peptide structure, functional characteristic, gene structure, secretion, signal transduction, Neovison visonBibliografia
Azimov G.J., Krouze N.K., 1937. The lactogenic preparations from the anterior pituitary and the increase of milk yield of cows. J. Dairy Sci. 20, 289–306.
Barabasz B., 1984. Wzrost norcząt w okresie laktacji. Hod. Drobn. Inwent. 4, 7–9.
Bartke A., Sinha Hikim A.P., Russell L.D., Majumdar S., Rao J.N., Newton S.C., Chandrashekar V., 1998. Mechanizmy regulujące męskie funkcje reprodukcyjne u gryzoni rozmnażających
się sezonowo. In: Łukaszyk A., Bilińska B., Kawiak J., Bielańska-Osuchowska Z. Ultrastruktura i funkcja komórki. T. 7. Mechanizmy regulujące spermatogenezę. Wyd. Nauk. PWN,
Warszawa, 256–273.
Bazer F.W., First N.L., 1983. Pregnancy and parturition. J. Anim. Sci. 57, Suppl. 2, 425–460.
Ben-Jonathan N., Mershon J.L., Allen D.L., Steinmetz R.W., 1996. Extrapituitary prolactin: distribution, regulation, functions, and clinical aspects. Endocr. Rev. 17, 639–669.
Berchtold S., Volarevic S., Moriggl R., Mercep M., Groner B., 1998. Dominant negative variants of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase inhibit prolactin activation of Jak2 (janus kinase 2) and induction of Stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5)-dependent transcription. Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 556–567.
Berlanga J.J., Gualillo O., Buteau H., Applanat M., Kelly P.A., Edery M., 1997. Prolactin activates tyrosyl phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase.
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2050–2052.
Bern H.A., Nicoll C.A., 1968. The comparative endocrinology of prolactin. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 24, 681–720.
Berwaer M., Martial J.A., Davis J.R., 1994. Characterization of an up-stream promoter directing extrapituitary expression of the human prolactin gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 8, 635–642.
Bielański P., Zoń A., Piórkowska M., 2003. Wstępne wyniki badań nad poprawą wskaźników odchowu szczeniąt norek. Zesz. Nauk. Przegl. Hod. 68, 71–78.
Bole-Feysot C., Goffin V., Edery M., Binart N., Kelly P.A., 1998. Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor: actions, signal transduction pathways and phenotypes observed in PRL receptor knockout
mice. Endocr. Rev. 19, 225–268.
Bondar A.A., Golovin S.J., Mertvetsov N.P., 1993. Nucleotide sequence of mink prolactin mRNA from pituitary. Sib. Biol. Zhur. 2, 10–15.
Buckley A.R., Rao Y.P., Buckley D.J., Gout P.W., 1994. Prolactin-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of MAP kinase in Nb2 lymphoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
204, 1158–1164.
Cesano A., Oberholtzer E., Contarini M., Geuna M., Bellone G., Matera L., 1994. Independent and synergistic effect of interleukin-2 and prolactin on development of T- and NK-derived
LAK effectors. Immunopharmacology 28, 67–75.
Ciereszko R., 2001. Mechanizm działania prolaktyny w układzie rozrodczym samicy. Post. Biol. Kom. 28, 57–67.
Cohen H., Guillaumot P., Sabbagh I., 1993.Characterization of a prolactin binding protein in rat serum. Endocrinology 132, 2601–2606.
Costello L.C., Liu Y., Franklin R.B., 1996. Testosterone and prolactin stimulation of mitochondrial aconitase in pig prostate epithelial cells. Urology 48, 654–659.
Dave J.R., Brown N.V., Knazek R.A., 1982. Prolactin modifies the prostaglandin synthesis, prolactin binding and fluidity of mouse liver membranes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
108, 193–199.
Demaria J.E., Nagy G.M., Lerant A.A., Fekete M.I., Levenson C.W., Freeman M.E., 2000. Dopamine transporters participate in the physiological regulation of prolactin. Endocrinology 141,
366–374.
Desmarais J.A., Bordignon V., Lopes F.L., Smith L.C., Murphy B.D., 2004. The Escape of the Mink Embryo from Obligate Diapause. Biol. Reprod. 70, 662–670.
Douglas D.A., Song J.-H., Moreau G.M., Murphy B.D., 1998. Differentiation of the Corpus Luteum of the Mink (Mustela vison): Mitogenic and Steroidogenic Potential of Luteal Cells
from Embryonic Diapause and Postimplantation Gestation. Biol. Reprod. 58, 1163-1169.
Ducret T., Vacher A.-M., Vacher P., 2004. Effects of Prolactin on Ionic Membrane Conductances in the Human Malignant Astrocytoma Cell Line U87-MG. J. Neurophysiol. 91, 1203–1216.
Dusza L., Ciereszko R., 2007. Regulacja sekrecji gonadotropin i prolaktyny oraz ich oddziaływanie na tkanki docelowe. In: Krzymowski T. (ed.). Biologia rozrodu zwierząt. T. 1. Fizjologiczna
regulacja procesów rozrodczych samicy. Wyd. UWM w Olsztynie, 117–138.
Fiedorowicz M., 2004. Układ prolaktynergiczny? Wytwarzanie i rola prolaktyny w mózgu. Kosmos 53, 305–313.
Freeman M.E., Kanyicska B., Lerant A., Nagy G., 2000. Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiol. Rev. 80, 1523–1631.
Gancarczyk M., Kuklińska M., Sadowska J., Strzezek J., Bilińska B., 2006. Aromatization and antioxidant capacity in the testis of seasonally breeding bank voles: Effects of LH, PRL and
IGF-I. Theriogenology 65, 1376–1391.
Ghasemi N., Zadehrahmani M., Rahimi G., Hafezian S.H., 2009. Associations between prolactin gene polymorphism and milk production in montebeliard cows. Int. J. Genet. Molec. Biol. 1,
48–51.
Goffin V., Bouchard B., Ormandy C.J., Weimann E., Ferrag F., Touraine P., Bole-Feysot C., Maaskant R.A., Clemant-Lacroix P., Edery M., Binart N., Kelly P.A., 1998. Prolactin:
a hormone at the crossroads of neuroimmunoendocrinology. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 840, 498–509.
Goffin V., Martial J.A., Summers N.L., 1995. Use of a model to understand prolactin and growth hormone specificities. Protein. Eng. 8, 1215–1231.
Haro L.S., Lee D.W., Singh R.N., Bee G., Markoff E., Lewis U.J., 1990. Glycosylated human prolactin: alterations in glycosylation pattern modify affinity for lactogen receptor and values
in prolactin radioimmunoassay. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 379–383.
Hinuma S., Habata Y., Fujii R., Kawamata Y., Hosoya M., Fukusumi S., Kitada C., Masuo Y., Asano T., Matsumoto H., Sekiguchi M., Kurokawa T., Nishimura O., Onda H., Fujino M., 1998. A prolactin-releasing peptide in the brain. Nature 393, 272–276.
Kohli R., Chadha N., Muralidhar K., 1988. Presence of tyrosine-O-sulfate in sheep pituitary prolactin. FEBS Lett. 242, 139–143.
Konturek S., 2000. Fizjologia człowieka. T. V. Układ trawienny i wydzielanie wewnętrzne. Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Kraków.Kooijman R., Gerlo S., Coppens A., Hooghe-Peters
E.L., 2000. Myeloid leukemic cells express and secrete bioactive pituitary-sized 23 kDa prolactin. J. Neuroimmunol. 110, 252–258.
Krzymowski T., Przała J. (ed.), 2005. Fizjologia zwierząt. PWRiL.
Krzywoszyński W., 1983. Schorzenia gruczołu mlecznego u lisów i norek. Hod. Drobn. Inwent. 4, 12–13.
Kuznetsov S.B., Matveeva N.M., Murphy W.J., O'Brien S.J., Serov O.L., 2003. Mapping of 53 loci in American mink (Mustela vison). J. Hered. 94, 386–391.
Lin J., Poole J., Linzer D.I., 1997. Two novel members of the prolactin/growth hormone family are expressed in the mouse placenta. Endocrinology 138, 5535–5540.
Martinet L., Mondain-Monval M., Monnerie R., 1992. Endogenus circannual rhythms and photorefractoriness of testis activity, moult and prolactin concentrations in mink (Mustela vison).
J. Reprod. Fertil. 95, 325–338.
Michalik J., Bartoszewicz Z., 2002. Prolaktyna (PRL) – wielofunkcyjny, przysadkowy hormon peptydowy. Post. Bioch. 48, 296–305.
Miller W.L., Eberhardt N.L., 1983. Structure and evolution of the growth hormone gene family. Endocr. Rev. 4, 97–130.
Montaldo H.H., Meza-Herrera C.A., 1998. Use of molecular markers and major genes in the genetic improvement of Livestock. Electr. J. Biotech. 1, 1–7.
Nagy G.M., Bodnár I., Bánky Z., Halász B., 2005. Control of prolactin secretion by excitatory amino acids. Endocrine 28, 303–308.
Owerbach D., Rutter W.J., Cooke N.E., Martial J.A., Shows T.B., 1981. The prolactin gene is located on chromosome 6 in humans. Science 212, 815–816.
Parmentier I., Portetelle D., Gengler N., Prandi A., Bertozzi C., Vleurick L., Gilson R., Renaville R., 1999. Candidate gene markers associated with somatotropicaxis and milk selection. Dom.
Anim. Endocrinol. 2–3, 139–148.
Persson S., 2007. The Mink (Mustela vison) as an indicator of environmental reproductive toxicity. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Perumal P., Vrontakis M.E., 2003. Transgenic mice over-expressing galanin exhibit pituitary adenomas and increased secretion of galanin, prolactin and growth hormone. J. Endocrinol.
179, 145–154.
Pezet A., Favre H., Kelly P.A., Edery M., 1999. Inhibition and restoration of prolactin signal transduction by suppressors of cytokine signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 24497–24502.
Riddle O., Bates R.W., Dykshorn, S.W., 1933. The preparation, identification and assay of prolactin – a hormone of the anterior pituitary. Am. J. Physiol. 105, 191–216.
Rose J., Huang J.L., Mead R.A., 1993. Role of ovarian steroids in development of uterine binding sites for prolactin in the ferret. Biol. Reprod. 48, 1266–1273.
Rose J., Larson S., Hunt J., 2006. Prolactin (PRL) influences onset of hair growth, hair density and size of hair follicles in mink (Mustela vison). Scientifur 30, 11–12.
Rose J., Oldfield J.E., Stormshak F., 1986. Changes in serum prolactin concentrations and ovarian prolactin receptors during embryonic diapause in mink. Biol. Reprod. 34, 101–106.
Russell S.H., Kim M.S., Small C.J., Abbott C.R., Morgan D.G., Taheri S., Murphy K.G., Todd J.F., Ghatei M.A., Bloom S.R., 2000. Central administration of orexin A suppresses basal and
domperidone stimulated plasma prolactin. J. Neuroendocrinol. 12, 1213–1218.
Sinha Y.N., 1995. Structural variants of prolactin: occurrence and physiological significance. Endocr. Rev. 16, 354–369.
Skorupski J., Kmieć M., 2011. Detection of PRL/Alw21I polymorphism in ranch American mink (Neovison vison Schreb., 1777). Annales UMCS, Zootechnica 4, 91–96.
Sotowska-Brochocka J. (ed.), 2001. Fizjologia zwierząt. Zagadnienia wybrane. Wyd. UW, Warszawa.
Storey A.E., Delahunty K.M., McKay D.W., Walsh C.J., Wilhelm S.I., 2006. Social and hormonal bases of individual differences in the parental behaviour of birds and mammals. Can. J. Exp.
Psychol. 60, 237–245.
Stricker P., Grueter R., 1928. Action du lobe antérieure de l'hypophyse sur la montée laiteuse. CR Soc. Biol. 99, 1978–1980.
Ślebodziński A., 1979. Zarys endokrynologii zwierząt użytkowych. PWN, Warszawa.
Takahashi S., Sharma S., Oomizu S., Honda J., Takeuchi S., 2002. Intrapituitary regulatory system of mammotrophs in the mouse. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 110, 34–41.
Tauson A.H., 1997. Prolactin profiles of pregnant, lactating and non-mated female mink (Mustela vison). J. Reprod. Fert. 51, 195–201.
Vardy T.L., Farid A. 2003. Nucleotide sequence variation of the mink preprolactin gene. EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases (GenBank: AAO92934.1).
Vardy T.L., Farid A., 2002. Polymorphisms at the mink prolactin locus. J. Anim. Sci. 80. Ssuppl 1, 379.
Vidal S., Lombardero M., Moya L., 1997. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of prolactin secreting cells in adenohypophysis of the mink (Mustela vison). Gen. Comp. Endocrinology 107, 311–321.
Watson Ch.J., Burdon T.G., 1996. Prolactin signal transduction mechanisms in the mammary gland: the role of the Jak/Stat pathway. Rev. Reprod. 1, 1–5.
Woliński Z., 1964. Osobliwości cyklu płciowego norek (1). Fizjologia rozrodu. Hod. Drobn. Inwent. 12, 5–6.
Barabasz B., 1984. Wzrost norcząt w okresie laktacji. Hod. Drobn. Inwent. 4, 7–9.
Bartke A., Sinha Hikim A.P., Russell L.D., Majumdar S., Rao J.N., Newton S.C., Chandrashekar V., 1998. Mechanizmy regulujące męskie funkcje reprodukcyjne u gryzoni rozmnażających
się sezonowo. In: Łukaszyk A., Bilińska B., Kawiak J., Bielańska-Osuchowska Z. Ultrastruktura i funkcja komórki. T. 7. Mechanizmy regulujące spermatogenezę. Wyd. Nauk. PWN,
Warszawa, 256–273.
Bazer F.W., First N.L., 1983. Pregnancy and parturition. J. Anim. Sci. 57, Suppl. 2, 425–460.
Ben-Jonathan N., Mershon J.L., Allen D.L., Steinmetz R.W., 1996. Extrapituitary prolactin: distribution, regulation, functions, and clinical aspects. Endocr. Rev. 17, 639–669.
Berchtold S., Volarevic S., Moriggl R., Mercep M., Groner B., 1998. Dominant negative variants of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase inhibit prolactin activation of Jak2 (janus kinase 2) and induction of Stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5)-dependent transcription. Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 556–567.
Berlanga J.J., Gualillo O., Buteau H., Applanat M., Kelly P.A., Edery M., 1997. Prolactin activates tyrosyl phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase.
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2050–2052.
Bern H.A., Nicoll C.A., 1968. The comparative endocrinology of prolactin. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 24, 681–720.
Berwaer M., Martial J.A., Davis J.R., 1994. Characterization of an up-stream promoter directing extrapituitary expression of the human prolactin gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 8, 635–642.
Bielański P., Zoń A., Piórkowska M., 2003. Wstępne wyniki badań nad poprawą wskaźników odchowu szczeniąt norek. Zesz. Nauk. Przegl. Hod. 68, 71–78.
Bole-Feysot C., Goffin V., Edery M., Binart N., Kelly P.A., 1998. Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor: actions, signal transduction pathways and phenotypes observed in PRL receptor knockout
mice. Endocr. Rev. 19, 225–268.
Bondar A.A., Golovin S.J., Mertvetsov N.P., 1993. Nucleotide sequence of mink prolactin mRNA from pituitary. Sib. Biol. Zhur. 2, 10–15.
Buckley A.R., Rao Y.P., Buckley D.J., Gout P.W., 1994. Prolactin-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of MAP kinase in Nb2 lymphoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
204, 1158–1164.
Cesano A., Oberholtzer E., Contarini M., Geuna M., Bellone G., Matera L., 1994. Independent and synergistic effect of interleukin-2 and prolactin on development of T- and NK-derived
LAK effectors. Immunopharmacology 28, 67–75.
Ciereszko R., 2001. Mechanizm działania prolaktyny w układzie rozrodczym samicy. Post. Biol. Kom. 28, 57–67.
Cohen H., Guillaumot P., Sabbagh I., 1993.Characterization of a prolactin binding protein in rat serum. Endocrinology 132, 2601–2606.
Costello L.C., Liu Y., Franklin R.B., 1996. Testosterone and prolactin stimulation of mitochondrial aconitase in pig prostate epithelial cells. Urology 48, 654–659.
Dave J.R., Brown N.V., Knazek R.A., 1982. Prolactin modifies the prostaglandin synthesis, prolactin binding and fluidity of mouse liver membranes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
108, 193–199.
Demaria J.E., Nagy G.M., Lerant A.A., Fekete M.I., Levenson C.W., Freeman M.E., 2000. Dopamine transporters participate in the physiological regulation of prolactin. Endocrinology 141,
366–374.
Desmarais J.A., Bordignon V., Lopes F.L., Smith L.C., Murphy B.D., 2004. The Escape of the Mink Embryo from Obligate Diapause. Biol. Reprod. 70, 662–670.
Douglas D.A., Song J.-H., Moreau G.M., Murphy B.D., 1998. Differentiation of the Corpus Luteum of the Mink (Mustela vison): Mitogenic and Steroidogenic Potential of Luteal Cells
from Embryonic Diapause and Postimplantation Gestation. Biol. Reprod. 58, 1163-1169.
Ducret T., Vacher A.-M., Vacher P., 2004. Effects of Prolactin on Ionic Membrane Conductances in the Human Malignant Astrocytoma Cell Line U87-MG. J. Neurophysiol. 91, 1203–1216.
Dusza L., Ciereszko R., 2007. Regulacja sekrecji gonadotropin i prolaktyny oraz ich oddziaływanie na tkanki docelowe. In: Krzymowski T. (ed.). Biologia rozrodu zwierząt. T. 1. Fizjologiczna
regulacja procesów rozrodczych samicy. Wyd. UWM w Olsztynie, 117–138.
Fiedorowicz M., 2004. Układ prolaktynergiczny? Wytwarzanie i rola prolaktyny w mózgu. Kosmos 53, 305–313.
Freeman M.E., Kanyicska B., Lerant A., Nagy G., 2000. Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiol. Rev. 80, 1523–1631.
Gancarczyk M., Kuklińska M., Sadowska J., Strzezek J., Bilińska B., 2006. Aromatization and antioxidant capacity in the testis of seasonally breeding bank voles: Effects of LH, PRL and
IGF-I. Theriogenology 65, 1376–1391.
Ghasemi N., Zadehrahmani M., Rahimi G., Hafezian S.H., 2009. Associations between prolactin gene polymorphism and milk production in montebeliard cows. Int. J. Genet. Molec. Biol. 1,
48–51.
Goffin V., Bouchard B., Ormandy C.J., Weimann E., Ferrag F., Touraine P., Bole-Feysot C., Maaskant R.A., Clemant-Lacroix P., Edery M., Binart N., Kelly P.A., 1998. Prolactin:
a hormone at the crossroads of neuroimmunoendocrinology. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 840, 498–509.
Goffin V., Martial J.A., Summers N.L., 1995. Use of a model to understand prolactin and growth hormone specificities. Protein. Eng. 8, 1215–1231.
Haro L.S., Lee D.W., Singh R.N., Bee G., Markoff E., Lewis U.J., 1990. Glycosylated human prolactin: alterations in glycosylation pattern modify affinity for lactogen receptor and values
in prolactin radioimmunoassay. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 379–383.
Hinuma S., Habata Y., Fujii R., Kawamata Y., Hosoya M., Fukusumi S., Kitada C., Masuo Y., Asano T., Matsumoto H., Sekiguchi M., Kurokawa T., Nishimura O., Onda H., Fujino M., 1998. A prolactin-releasing peptide in the brain. Nature 393, 272–276.
Kohli R., Chadha N., Muralidhar K., 1988. Presence of tyrosine-O-sulfate in sheep pituitary prolactin. FEBS Lett. 242, 139–143.
Konturek S., 2000. Fizjologia człowieka. T. V. Układ trawienny i wydzielanie wewnętrzne. Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Kraków.Kooijman R., Gerlo S., Coppens A., Hooghe-Peters
E.L., 2000. Myeloid leukemic cells express and secrete bioactive pituitary-sized 23 kDa prolactin. J. Neuroimmunol. 110, 252–258.
Krzymowski T., Przała J. (ed.), 2005. Fizjologia zwierząt. PWRiL.
Krzywoszyński W., 1983. Schorzenia gruczołu mlecznego u lisów i norek. Hod. Drobn. Inwent. 4, 12–13.
Kuznetsov S.B., Matveeva N.M., Murphy W.J., O'Brien S.J., Serov O.L., 2003. Mapping of 53 loci in American mink (Mustela vison). J. Hered. 94, 386–391.
Lin J., Poole J., Linzer D.I., 1997. Two novel members of the prolactin/growth hormone family are expressed in the mouse placenta. Endocrinology 138, 5535–5540.
Martinet L., Mondain-Monval M., Monnerie R., 1992. Endogenus circannual rhythms and photorefractoriness of testis activity, moult and prolactin concentrations in mink (Mustela vison).
J. Reprod. Fertil. 95, 325–338.
Michalik J., Bartoszewicz Z., 2002. Prolaktyna (PRL) – wielofunkcyjny, przysadkowy hormon peptydowy. Post. Bioch. 48, 296–305.
Miller W.L., Eberhardt N.L., 1983. Structure and evolution of the growth hormone gene family. Endocr. Rev. 4, 97–130.
Montaldo H.H., Meza-Herrera C.A., 1998. Use of molecular markers and major genes in the genetic improvement of Livestock. Electr. J. Biotech. 1, 1–7.
Nagy G.M., Bodnár I., Bánky Z., Halász B., 2005. Control of prolactin secretion by excitatory amino acids. Endocrine 28, 303–308.
Owerbach D., Rutter W.J., Cooke N.E., Martial J.A., Shows T.B., 1981. The prolactin gene is located on chromosome 6 in humans. Science 212, 815–816.
Parmentier I., Portetelle D., Gengler N., Prandi A., Bertozzi C., Vleurick L., Gilson R., Renaville R., 1999. Candidate gene markers associated with somatotropicaxis and milk selection. Dom.
Anim. Endocrinol. 2–3, 139–148.
Persson S., 2007. The Mink (Mustela vison) as an indicator of environmental reproductive toxicity. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Perumal P., Vrontakis M.E., 2003. Transgenic mice over-expressing galanin exhibit pituitary adenomas and increased secretion of galanin, prolactin and growth hormone. J. Endocrinol.
179, 145–154.
Pezet A., Favre H., Kelly P.A., Edery M., 1999. Inhibition and restoration of prolactin signal transduction by suppressors of cytokine signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 24497–24502.
Riddle O., Bates R.W., Dykshorn, S.W., 1933. The preparation, identification and assay of prolactin – a hormone of the anterior pituitary. Am. J. Physiol. 105, 191–216.
Rose J., Huang J.L., Mead R.A., 1993. Role of ovarian steroids in development of uterine binding sites for prolactin in the ferret. Biol. Reprod. 48, 1266–1273.
Rose J., Larson S., Hunt J., 2006. Prolactin (PRL) influences onset of hair growth, hair density and size of hair follicles in mink (Mustela vison). Scientifur 30, 11–12.
Rose J., Oldfield J.E., Stormshak F., 1986. Changes in serum prolactin concentrations and ovarian prolactin receptors during embryonic diapause in mink. Biol. Reprod. 34, 101–106.
Russell S.H., Kim M.S., Small C.J., Abbott C.R., Morgan D.G., Taheri S., Murphy K.G., Todd J.F., Ghatei M.A., Bloom S.R., 2000. Central administration of orexin A suppresses basal and
domperidone stimulated plasma prolactin. J. Neuroendocrinol. 12, 1213–1218.
Sinha Y.N., 1995. Structural variants of prolactin: occurrence and physiological significance. Endocr. Rev. 16, 354–369.
Skorupski J., Kmieć M., 2011. Detection of PRL/Alw21I polymorphism in ranch American mink (Neovison vison Schreb., 1777). Annales UMCS, Zootechnica 4, 91–96.
Sotowska-Brochocka J. (ed.), 2001. Fizjologia zwierząt. Zagadnienia wybrane. Wyd. UW, Warszawa.
Storey A.E., Delahunty K.M., McKay D.W., Walsh C.J., Wilhelm S.I., 2006. Social and hormonal bases of individual differences in the parental behaviour of birds and mammals. Can. J. Exp.
Psychol. 60, 237–245.
Stricker P., Grueter R., 1928. Action du lobe antérieure de l'hypophyse sur la montée laiteuse. CR Soc. Biol. 99, 1978–1980.
Ślebodziński A., 1979. Zarys endokrynologii zwierząt użytkowych. PWN, Warszawa.
Takahashi S., Sharma S., Oomizu S., Honda J., Takeuchi S., 2002. Intrapituitary regulatory system of mammotrophs in the mouse. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 110, 34–41.
Tauson A.H., 1997. Prolactin profiles of pregnant, lactating and non-mated female mink (Mustela vison). J. Reprod. Fert. 51, 195–201.
Vardy T.L., Farid A. 2003. Nucleotide sequence variation of the mink preprolactin gene. EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases (GenBank: AAO92934.1).
Vardy T.L., Farid A., 2002. Polymorphisms at the mink prolactin locus. J. Anim. Sci. 80. Ssuppl 1, 379.
Vidal S., Lombardero M., Moya L., 1997. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of prolactin secreting cells in adenohypophysis of the mink (Mustela vison). Gen. Comp. Endocrinology 107, 311–321.
Watson Ch.J., Burdon T.G., 1996. Prolactin signal transduction mechanisms in the mammary gland: the role of the Jak/Stat pathway. Rev. Reprod. 1, 1–5.
Woliński Z., 1964. Osobliwości cyklu płciowego norek (1). Fizjologia rozrodu. Hod. Drobn. Inwent. 12, 5–6.
Jakub Skorupski
Department of Genetic and Animal Breeding West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Doktora Judyma 6, 71-466 Szczecin
Department of Genetic and Animal Breeding West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Doktora Judyma 6, 71-466 Szczecin
Marek Kmieć
Department of Genetic and Animal Breeding West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Doktora Judyma 6, 71-466 Szczecin
Department of Genetic and Animal Breeding West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Doktora Judyma 6, 71-466 Szczecin
Licencja
Od 2022 r. artykuły są udostępniane na zasadach licencji Creative Commons uznanie autorstwa 4.0 międzynarodowa (CC BY 4.0). Artykuły opublikowane przed 2022 r. są dostępne na zasadach licencji Creative Commons uznanie autorstwa – użycie niekomercyjne – bez utworów zależnych 4.0 międzynarodowa (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Przysłanie artykułu do redakcji oznacza, że nie był on opublikowany wcześniej, nie jest rozpatrywany do publikacji w innych wydawnictwach.
Autor podpisuje oświadczenie o oryginalności dzieła i wkładzie poszczególnych osób.
