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Tom 74 Nr 1 (2019)

Artykuły

Genetyczne podstawy cytoplazmatyczno-jądrowej męskiej sterylności (CMS) u roślin oraz jej wykorzystanie w hodowli. Praca przeglądowa

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.1.2
Przesłane: 30 kwietnia 2019
Opublikowane: 30-04-2019

Abstrakt

Zjawisko cytoplazmatyczno-jądrowej męskiej sterylności (CMS) u roślin charakteryzuje się upośledzeniem rozwoju pełnowartościowego pyłku. To zaburzenie jest wynikiem niekompatybilności genomu mitochondrialnego i jądrowego. Istnieje wiele hipotez tłumaczących CMS, jednak molekularny mechanizm działania męskiej sterylności i przywracania płodności u większości gatunków roślin uprawnych pozostaje nieznany. Mimo to prace hodowców umożliwiły opracowanie wydajnych systemów CMS, które znalazły zastosowanie w hodowli między innymi zbóż. Zainteresowanie hodowlą heterozyjną wiąże się zarówno z możliwością wykorzystania efektu heterozji (poprzez krzyżowanie formy matecznej i ojcowskiej), jak  i z kontrolą nad materiałem siewnym. Ze względów ekonomicznych hodowla heterozyjna ma –  i należy oczekiwać, że będzie mieć – istotne znaczenie gospodarcze.

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