Abstract
Essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus from aerial parts of Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker), cultivated in Serbia was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to determine the composition. Furthermore, N. cataria var. citriodora essential oil was
tested to determine its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.
The antimicrobial activity was tested by broth microdilution method against 16 bacterial strains from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Four common tests for measuring in vitro antioxidant activity were used: 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), reducing power (RP), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-
6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assay (BCB). Antihyperglycemic activity was examined by using α-glucosidase inhibitory potential (AHgA), while anti-inflammatory activity (AIA) was determined by protein denaturation bioassay, using egg albumin. In total, 36 compounds were isolated and detected by GC-MS technique in N. cataria var. citriodora EO. The EO is mainly comprised of oxygenated monoterpenes (93.1%), and the main compounds were two monoterpenoid alcohols, nerol (38.5%) and geraniol (24.9%), followed by two aliphatic aldehyde, geranial (14.6%) and neral (11.0%). Antimicrobial activity of this EO shows growth inhibition of all tested bacteria strains, and exhibited good antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities. The EO obtained from N. cataria var. citriodora grown in Serbia shows valuable biological activity, indicating its potential for use as a supplement in everyday diet and as a natural preservative in food industry.
References
- Abd Rashed, A., Abd Rahman, A.Z., Rathi, D.N.G. (2021). Essential oils as a potential neuroprotective remedy for age-related neurodegenerative diseases: a review. Molecules, 26(4), 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041107
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041107
- Aćimović, M., Zeremski, T., Kiprovski, B., Brdar-Jokanović, M., Popović, V., Koren, A., Sikora, V. (2021). Nepeta cataria – cultivation, chemical composition and biological activity. J. Agr. Tech. Eng. Manag., 4(4), 620–634.
- Adiguzel, A., Ozer, H., Sokmen, M., Gulluce, M., Sokmen, A., Kilic, H., Sahin, F., Baris, O. (2009). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of Nepeta cataria. Pol. J. Microbiol. 58(1), 69–76.
- Al-Saikhan, M.S., Howard, L.R., Miller, Jr. J.C. (1995). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in different genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.). J. Food Sci. 60(2), 341–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05668.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb05668.x
- Aly, H.F., Mahmoud E.A., Ibrahim, M.E., Motawe, H.M., Ibrahim, F.M. (2010). Attenuation of some metabolic deterioration induced by diabetes mellitus using Nepeta cataria extracts. J. Am. Sci. 6(8), 436–455.
- Baranauskiene, R., Venskutonis, R.P., Demyttenaere, J.C.R. (2003). Sensory and instrumental evaluation of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) aroma. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51(13), 3840–3848. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021187b
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021187b
- Bernardi, M.M., Kirsten, T.B., Lago, J.H.G., Giovani, T.M., Massoco, C.O. (2011). Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker) increases penile erection in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 137(3), 1318–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.061
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.061
- Bounihi, A., Hajjaj, G., Alnamer, R., Cherrah, Y., Zellou, A. (2013). In vivo potential anti-inflammatory activity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil. Adv. Pharmacol. Sci. 101759. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/101759
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/101759
- Duda, S.C., Mărghitaş, L.A., Dezmirean, D., Duda, M., Mărgăoan, R., Bobiş, O. (2015). Changes in major bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity of Agastache foeniculum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis and Nepeta cataria: effect of harvest time and plant species. Ind. Crops Prod. 77, 499–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.045
- Frolova, N., Ukrainets, A., Korablova, O., Voitsekhivskyi, V. (2019). Plants of Nepeta cataria var. citridora Beck. and essential oils from them for food industry. Potr. Slovak J. Food Sci. 13(1), 449–455. https://doi.org/10.5219/1109
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5219/1109
- Gironés-Vilaplana, A., Mena, P., Moreno, D.A., García-Viguera, C. (2014). Evaluation of sensorial, phytochemical and biological properties of new isotonic beverages enriched with lemon and berries during shelf life. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94(6), 1090–1100. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6370
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6370
- Gomes, E.N., Reichert, W., Vasilatis, A., Allen, K.A., Wu, Q., Simon, J.E. (2020). Essential oil yield and aromatic profile of lemon catnip and lemon-scented catnip selections at different harvesting times. J. Med. Active Plants, 9(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.7275/6v2v-4333
- Kim, J.-H., Jung, D.-H., Park, H.-K. (2006). The composition of essential oil from Nepeta cataria and its effect on microorganism. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 29(4), 381–387. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.4.381
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.4.381
- Klimek, B., Modnicki, D. (2005). Terpenoids and sterols from Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Lamiaceae). Acta Pol. Pharm. 62(3), 231–235.
- Mena, P., Garcia-Viguera, C., Navarro-Rico, J., Moreno, D.A., Bartual, J., Saura, D., Marti, N. (2011). Phytochemical characterisation for industrial use of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Spain. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91, 1893–1906. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4411
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4411
- Miceli, N., Taviano, M.F., Giuffrida, D., Trovato, A., Tzakou, O., Galati, E.M. (2005). Anti-inflammatory activity of extract and fractions from Nepeta sibthorpii Bentham. J. Ethnopharm. 97, 261–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.024
- Mihaylova, D., Georgieva, L., Pavlov, P. (2013). In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of Nepeta cataria L. extracts. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 14, 74–79.
- Modnicki, D., Tokar, M., Klimek, B. (2007). Flavonoids and phenolic acids of Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker) Balb. (Lamiaceae). Acta Pol. Pharm. 64, 247–252.
- Mucha, W., Witkowska, D. (2021). The applicability of essential oils in different stages of production of animal-based foods. Molecules, 26, 3798. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133798
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133798
- Onawunmi, G.O. (1989). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of citral. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 9, 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1989.tb00301.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1989.tb00301.x
- Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on product of browning reaction from glucose amine. Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet. 44, 307–315. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
- Pandey, A.K., Kumar, P., Singh, P., Tripathi, N.N., Bajpai, V.K. (2017). Essential oils: sources of antimicrobials and food preservatives. Front. Microbiol., 7, 2161. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02161
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02161
- Prakash, B., Kiran, S. (2016). Essential oils: a traditionally realized natural resource for food preservation. Curr. Sci., 110, 1890–1892.
- Pucci, M., Raimondo, S., Zichittella, C., Tinnirello, V., Corleone, V., Aiello, G., Moschetti, M., Conigliaro, A., Fontana, S., Alessandro, R. (2020). Biological properties of a citral-enriched fraction of citrus limon essential oil. Foods., 9, 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091290
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091290
- Ricci, E.L., Toyama, D.O., Lago, J.H.G., Romoff, P., Kirsten, T.B., Reis-Silva, T.M., Bernardi, M.M. (2010). Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker) Balb. essential oil in mice. J. Health Sci. Inst., 28, 289–293.
- Tan, X.C., Chua, K.H., Ravishankar-Ram, M., Kuppusamy, U.R. (2016). Monoterpenes: novel insights into their biological effects and roles on glucose uptake and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Chem., 196, 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.042
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.042
- Tumbas Šaponjac, V., Girones-Vilaplana, A., Djilas, S., Meno, P., Ćetković, G., Moreno, D., Čanadanović-Brunet, J., Vulič, J., Stajčić, S., Krunić, M. (2014). Anthocyanin profiles and biological properties of caneberry (Rubus spp.) press residues. J. Sci. Food Agric., 94, 2393–2400. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6564
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6564
- Uchida N.S., Silva-Filho S.E., Cardia G.F.E., Cremer E., Silva-Comar F.M.S., Silva E.L., Bersani-Amado C.A., Cuman R.K.N. (2017). Hepatoprotective effect of citral on acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in mice. J. Evid.-Based Compl. Altern. Med. 2017, 1796209. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1796209
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1796209
- Ullah, A.M., Zaman, S., Juhara, F., Akter, L., Tareq, S.M., Masum, E.H., Bharracharjee, R. (2014). Evaluation of antinociceptive, in-vivo&in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome. BMC Complement Altern. Med., 14, 346–358. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-346
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-346
- Varga, A., Kocić-Tanackov, S., Čabarkapa, I., Aćimović, M., Tomičić, Z. (2019). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of spice essential oils against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. J. Food Saf. Food Qual., 70, 157–194. https://doi.org/10.2376/0003-925X-70-177
- Vukovic, N., Vukic, M., Djelic, G., Hutkova, J., Kacaniova, M. (2016). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of various plant organs of wild growing Nepeta cataria from Serbia. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants., 19, 404–1412. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2016.1211965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2016.1211965
- Wieteska, A., Jadczak, D., Wesolowska, A. (2018). Comparison of the biological value of selected catnip plants (Nepeta sp.). Acad. J. Med. Plants., 6, 191–195. https://doi.org/10.15413/ajmp.2018.0135
- Zomorodian, K., Saharkhiz, M. J., Shariati, S., Pakshir, K., Rahimi, M.J., Khashei, R. (2012). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Nepeta cataria L. against common causes of food-borne infections. ISRN Pharm. 2012, 591953. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/591953
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/591953
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.