Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
ASPHC Baner

ONLINE FIRST

Research paper

Detection and molecular characterisation of the Orthotospovirus iridimaculaflavi N gene of the onion in Poland

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2026.5568
Submitted: 7 July 2025
Published: 10.04.2026

Abstract

Orthotospovirus iridimaculaflavi (iris yellow spot orthotospovirus, IYSV) is one of the most important viral pathogens affecting onions worldwide. The virus is predominantly transmitted by onion thrips and can cause significant losses in cultivated fields. In this study, the identification and molecular characterisation of IYSV isolates originating from onion crops in Poland were carried out. Symptomatic onion plants (Allium cepa L.) were observed in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lubelskie, and Wielkopolskie regions of Poland. The plants were characterised by various disease symptoms from mild to severe, resulting in deformation and growth reduction. A total of 40 onion samples were collected, and the presence of IYSV was confirmed in three of them. Moreover, the occurrence of Potyvirus cepae (onion yellow dwarf virus, OYDV) in single and mixed infections with IYSV was observed. The sequences of IYSV obtained in this study were compared with the sequences retrieved from the GenBank database, and the phylogenetic analysis was subsequently conducted. The maximum-likelihood reconstruction revealed that the Polish isolates mainly grouped with isolates originating from Serbia. To our knowledge, it is the first report of IYSV infecting onions in Poland.

References

  1. Abd El-Wahab, A.S. (2009). Aphid-transmission efficiency of two main viruses on garlic in Egypt, Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV-G) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV-G). Acad. J. Entomol., 2(1), 40–42.
  2. Bag, S., Schwartz, H.F., Cramer, C.S. et al. (2015). Iris yellow spot virus (Tospovirus: Bunyaviridae): from obscurity to research priority. Mol. Plant Pathol., 16(3), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12177
  3. Balukiewicz, A., Kryczyński, S. (2005). Tospoviruses in chrysanthemum mother stock plants in Poland. Phytopathol. Pol. 37, 59‒67.
  4. Barg, E., Lesemann, D.-E., Vetten, H.J. et al. (1994). Identification, partial characterization, and distribution of viruses infecting allium crops in South and Southeast Asia. Acta Hortic., 358, 251–258. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1994.358.41
  5. Clabbers, M.T.B., Olsthoorn, R.C.L., Gultyaev, A.P. (2014). Tospovirus ambisense genomic RNA segments use almost complete repertoire of stable tetraloops in the intergenic region. Bioinformatics, 30(13), 1800–1804. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu122
  6. Cortês, I., Livieratos, I.C., Derks, A. et al. (1998). Molecular and serological characterization of iris yellow spot virus, a new and distinct tospovirus species. Phytopathology, 88(12), 1276–1282. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1276
  7. De Avila, A.C., Gama, M., Kitajima, E. et al. (1981). Um virus do grupo vira-cabeca do tomateiro isolado de cebola (Allium cepa L.). Fitopatol. Bras., 6, 525 [in Portuguese].
  8. Derks, A.F.L.M., Lemmers, M.E.C. (1996). Detection of tospoviruses in bulbous crops and transmissibility by vegetative propagation. Acta Hortic., 432, 132–139. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1996.432.17
  9. Dovas, C.I., Hatziloukas, E., Salomon, R. et al. (2001). Incidence of viruses infecting Allium spp. in Greece. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 107(7), 677–684. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011958914573
  10. González-Pérez, E., Chiquito-Almanza, E., Villalobos-Reyes, S. et al. (2024). Diagnosis and characterization of plant viruses using HTS to support virus management and tomato breeding. Viruses, 16(6), 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060888
  11. Hall, T.A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl. Acids Symp. Ser. 41, 95‒98.
  12. Harrington, R., Bale, I.S., Tatchel, G.M. (1995). Aphids in a changing climate. In: Harrington, R., Stork, N.E. (ed.), Insects in a changing environment. Academic Press, London, 126‒158.
  13. Hasiów-Jaroszewska, B., Fares, M.A., Elena, S.F. (2014). Molecular evolution of viral multifunctional proteins: the case of potyvirus HC-Pro. J. Mol. Evol., 78(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-013-9601-0
  14. Huson, D.H., Bryant, D. (2006). Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2(2), 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030
  15. Jayasinghe, W.H., Kim, H., Sasaki, J. et al. (2021). Aphid transmissibility of onion yellow dwarf virus isolates with an N-terminal truncated HC-Pro is aided by leek yellow stripe virus. J. Gen. Plant Pathol., 87(3), 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-021-00986-y
  16. Karavina, C., Ibaba, J., Gubba, A. (2019). Characterization of three full Iris yellow spot virus genes of a garlic-infecting isolate from Zimbabwe using next-generation sequencing technology. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 18, 928–934. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2018.16738
  17. Kumar, S, Baranwal, V.K., Joshi, S. et al. (2010). Simultaneous detection of mixed infection of onion yellow dwarf virus and an allexivirus in RT-PCR for ensuring virus free onion bulbs. Ind. J. Virol., 21, 61‒68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-010-0008-x
  18. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M. et al. (2018). MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol., 35(6), 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  19. LaTourrette, K., Garcia-Ruiz, H., (2022). Determinants of virus variation, evolution, and host adaptation. Pathogens, 11(9), 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091039
  20. Lemey, P., Salemi, M., Vandamme, A.-M. (eds.). (2009). The phylogenetic handbook: a practical approach to phylogenetic analysis and hypothesis testing. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819049
  21. Lot, H., Chovelon, V., Souche, S. et al. (1998). Effects of Onion yellow dwarf and Leek yellow stripe viruses on symptomatology and yield loss of three french garlic cultivars. Plant Dis., 82(12), 1381–1385. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.12.1381
  22. Manglli, A., Mohammed, H., Hussein, A.E. et al. (2014). Molecular analysis of the 3’ terminal region of Onion yellow dwarf virus from onion in southern Italy. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 53(3), 438–450. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-14027
  23. Martin, D.P., Murrell, B., Golden, M. et al. (2015). RDP4: detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes. Virus Evol., 1(1), vev003. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vev003
  24. Muhire, B.M., Varsani, A., Martin, D.P. (2014). SDT: a virus classification tool based on pairwise sequence alignment and identity calculation. PloS One, 9(9), e108277. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108277
  25. Nischwitz, C., Pappu, H.R., Mullis, S.W. et al. (2007). Phylogenetic analysis of Iris yellow spot virus isolates from onion (Allium cepa) in Georgia (USA) and Peru. J. Phytopathol., 155(9), 531–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01272.x
  26. Pappu, H.R., Hellier, B.C., Dugan, F.M. (2005). First report of Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, and Garlic common latent virus in garlic in Washington State. Plant Dis., 89(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-89-0205C
  27. Pobożniak, M., Olczyk, M., Wójtowicz, T. (2021). Relationship between colonization by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and leaf colour measures across eight onion cultivars (Allium cepa L.). Agronomy, 11(5), 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050963
  28. Ruszkowska, M. (2007). Across the transformation life cycle of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Homoptera: Aphidoidea): coevolution with temperature. Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Ochrony Roślin 15, 60 pp.
  29. Ruszkowska, M., Strażyński, P., Krówczyńska, A. (2017). Developmental changes of peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulz.) under higher temperatures – the importance of a new phenomenon in the integrated protection of potato. Progr. Plant Prot., 57(1), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2017-002 [in Polish].
  30. Schwartz, H.F., Mohan, S.K. (2016). Introduction. In: H.F. Schwartz., S.K. Mohan (eds.), Compendium of onion and garlic diseases and pests. The American Phytopathological Society, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1094/9780890545003.001
  31. Shin, Y.-G., Rho, J.-Y. (2014). Development of a PCR Diagnostic System for Iris yellow spot tospovirus in quarantine. Plant Pathol. J., 30(4), 440. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.NT.06.2014.0052
  32. Srinivasan, R., Sundaraj, S., Pappu, H.R. et al. (2012). Transmission of Iris Yellow Spot Virus by Frankliniella fusca and Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 105(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11094
  33. Tabassum, A., Ramesh, S.V., Zhai, Y. et al. (2021). Viruses without borders: global analysis of the population structure, haplotype distribution, and evolutionary pattern of Iris Yellow spot orthotospovirus (family Tospoviridae, genus Orthotospovirus). Front. Microbiol., 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.633710
  34. Taberska, A., Minicka, J., Borodynko-Filas, N. et al. (2021). Identification and molecular characterization of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) in Allium cepa crops in Poland. Progr. Plant Prot., 61(3), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2021-024 [in Polish].
  35. Weaver, S., Shank, S.D., Spielman, S.J. et al. (2018). Datamonkey 2.0: a modern web application for characterizing selective and other evolutionary processes. Mol. Biol. Evol., 35(3), 773–777. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx335

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.