GENETIC  ANALYSIS  OF  38  DOUBLE-FLOWERED  AMARYLLIS   (Hippeastrum  hybridum)  CULTIVARS  BASED  ON  SRAP  MARKERS

Min Xiong; Shuai Yang; Yi Wang; Defeng Chen; Xian Wang; Di Zhou; Zunzheng Wei

doi:10.24326/asphc.2021.3.2

Vol. 20 No. 3 (2021)

Articles

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF 38 DOUBLE-FLOWERED AMARYLLIS (Hippeastrum hybridum) CULTIVARS BASED ON SRAP MARKERS

Min Xiong⁺⁻
Shuai Yang⁺⁻
Yi Wang⁺⁻
Defeng Chen⁺⁻
Xian Wang⁺⁻
Di Zhou⁺⁻
Zunzheng Wei⁺⁻

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.3.2
Submitted: May 25, 2019
Published: 2021-06-30

Abstract

The genetic diversity and population structure of 38 commercial accessions of double-flowered amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) from the Netherlands and South Africa were evaluated using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Thirty SRAP primer pairs produced 294 loci, of which 263 (89.16%) were polymorphic. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was observed, with estimates of Nei’s diversity index (H) and the Shannon information index (I) of 0.2719 and 0.4158, respectively. Additional genetic distance- and STRUCTURE-based analyses clustered all accessions into two or four subgroups based mostly on origin or color. The genetic differentiation between/among countries and inferred groups was significant, with Fst values ranging from 0.083-0.194%. Accessions from the Netherlands showed higher genetic variation than those from South Africa. Several accessions, such as Aphrodite, are recommended for future programs employing selective hybridization with the goal of expanding the color range. The results of the present study provide appropriate information applicable to designing effective breeding programs for double-flowered amaryllis.

References

Bell, W.D. (1977). Double flowered amaryllis. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 90, 121–122.
Chakrabarty, D., Gupta, V.N., Datta, S.K. (2007). Varietal identifcation and assessment of genetic relationships in Hippeastrumusing RAPD markers. Plant Biotech. Rep., 1, 211–217, DOI: 10.1007/s11816-007-0034-3.
Evanno, G., Regnaut, S., Goudet, J. (2005). Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mole. Eco., 14, 2611–2220, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x.
Ferriol, M., Pico, B., Nuez, F. (2003). Genetic diversity of a germplasm collection of Cucurbita pepo using SRAP and AFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 107, 271–282, DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1242-z.
Khaleel, T.F., Haven, S., Gilg, T. (1991). Karyomorphology of Amaryllis hybrids. Cytologia, 56, 31–41, DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.56.31.
Li, G., Quiros, C.F. (2001). Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), a new marker system based on a simple PCR reaction: its application to mapping and gene tagging in Brassica. Theor. Appl. Genet., 103, 455–461, DOI: 10.1007/s001220100570.
Liu, K.J., Muse, S.V. (2005). PowerMarker: An integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis. Bioinformatics, 21, 2128–2129, DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti282.
Liu, M.C., An, C.H., Yeh, D.M. (2015a). Anther type and pollen germination of double-flowered amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) cultivars. Seeds Nurs., 17, 35–46.
Liu, M.C., Yeh, D.M. (2015b). ‘TSS. No.1-Pink Pearl’: A double-flowered and fragrant amaryllis cultivar. Hortscience, 50, 1588–1590, DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.50.10.1588.
McCann, J.J. (1937). New double hybrid amaryllis. Herbertia, 4, 185–186.
Meerow, A. (1999). Amaryllis and Alstroemeria: old crops, new potential. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center.
Meerow, A.W. (1988). New trends in amaryllis (Hippeastrum) breeding. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 101, 285–288.
Meerow, A.W. (2009). Tilting at windmills: 20 years of Hippeastrum breeding. Isr. J. Plant Sci., 57, 303–313.
Meyerowitz, E.M., Smyth, D.R., Bowman, J.L. (1989). Abnormal flowers and pattern formation in floral development. Development, 106, 209–217, DOI: 10.1242/dev.106.2.209.
Phuong, P.T.M., Isshiki, S., Miyajima, I. (2014). Genetic variation of Hippeastrum accessions in Vietnam. J. Fac. Agri. Kyushu Univ., 59, 235–241, DOI: 10.5109/1467623.
Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M., Donnelly, P. (2000). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics, 155, 945–959, DOI: 10.1093/genetics/155.2.945.
Shi, F.R., Xue, J.Q., Mu, D., Wang, S.L., Zhang, X.X. (2014). Studies on differences of hybridization efficiency and related reasons of 17 Hippeastrum cultivars. Acta Hortic. Sinica, 41, 553–563, DOI: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014.03.017.
Szilard, P. (2013). Getting your Hippeastrum(Amaryllis) to bloom. Trop. Plant Soc., Denver, 2/10a.
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1596–1599, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092.
Wang, Y., Chen, D.F., He, X.F., Shen, J.X., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D., Wei Z.Z. (2018). Revealing the complex genetic structure of cultivated amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) using transcriptome-derived microsatellite markers. Sci. Rep., 8, 10645, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28809-9.
Wei, Z.Z., Luo, L.B., Zhang, H.L., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2012). Identification and characterization of 43 novel polymorphic EST-SSR markers for arum lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica (Araceae). Am. J. Bot., 99, e493–497, DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200228.
Wei, Z.Z., Sun, Z.Z., Cui, B.B., Zhang, Q.X., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2016). Transcriptome analysis of colored calla lily (Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl.) by Illumina sequencing: de novo assembly, annotation and EST-SSR marker development. PeerJ, 4, e2378, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2378.
Wei, Z.Z., Sun, Z.Z., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2017a). Characterization and cross-species transferability of EST-SSRs from the illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing of arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica). Acta Hortic., 1171, 175–186, DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1171.24.
Wei, Z.Z., Zhang, H.L., Wang, Y., Li, Y.L., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2017b). Assessing genetic diversity and population diferentiation of colored calla lily (Zantedeschia hybrid) for an efcient breeding program. Genes, 8, 168, DOI: 10.3390-genes8060168.
Zhang, L., Xu, Y.C., Cheng, H.Z., Zhou, Y.Z. (2012). Genetic relationship analysis and fngerprint construction of 62 cultivars of Hippeastrum spp. based on ISSR marker. J. Plant Resour. Environ., 21, 48–54.

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Keywords

amaryllis
molecular markers
genetic evaluation

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[1] Bell, W.D. (1977). Double flowered amaryllis. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 90, 121–122.

[2] Chakrabarty, D., Gupta, V.N., Datta, S.K. (2007). Varietal identifcation and assessment of genetic relationships in Hippeastrumusing RAPD markers. Plant Biotech. Rep., 1, 211–217, DOI: 10.1007/s11816-007-0034-3.

[3] Evanno, G., Regnaut, S., Goudet, J. (2005). Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mole. Eco., 14, 2611–2220, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x.

[4] Ferriol, M., Pico, B., Nuez, F. (2003). Genetic diversity of a germplasm collection of Cucurbita pepo using SRAP and AFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 107, 271–282, DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1242-z.

[5] Khaleel, T.F., Haven, S., Gilg, T. (1991). Karyomorphology of Amaryllis hybrids. Cytologia, 56, 31–41, DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.56.31.

[6] Li, G., Quiros, C.F. (2001). Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), a new marker system based on a simple PCR reaction: its application to mapping and gene tagging in Brassica. Theor. Appl. Genet., 103, 455–461, DOI: 10.1007/s001220100570.

[7] Liu, K.J., Muse, S.V. (2005). PowerMarker: An integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis. Bioinformatics, 21, 2128–2129, DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti282.

[8] Liu, M.C., An, C.H., Yeh, D.M. (2015a). Anther type and pollen germination of double-flowered amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) cultivars. Seeds Nurs., 17, 35–46.

[9] Liu, M.C., Yeh, D.M. (2015b). ‘TSS. No.1-Pink Pearl’: A double-flowered and fragrant amaryllis cultivar. Hortscience, 50, 1588–1590, DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.50.10.1588.

[10] McCann, J.J. (1937). New double hybrid amaryllis. Herbertia, 4, 185–186.

[11] Meerow, A. (1999). Amaryllis and Alstroemeria: old crops, new potential. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center.

[12] Meerow, A.W. (1988). New trends in amaryllis (Hippeastrum) breeding. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 101, 285–288.

[13] Meerow, A.W. (2009). Tilting at windmills: 20 years of Hippeastrum breeding. Isr. J. Plant Sci., 57, 303–313.

[14] Meyerowitz, E.M., Smyth, D.R., Bowman, J.L. (1989). Abnormal flowers and pattern formation in floral development. Development, 106, 209–217, DOI: 10.1242/dev.106.2.209.

[15] Phuong, P.T.M., Isshiki, S., Miyajima, I. (2014). Genetic variation of Hippeastrum accessions in Vietnam. J. Fac. Agri. Kyushu Univ., 59, 235–241, DOI: 10.5109/1467623.

[16] Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M., Donnelly, P. (2000). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics, 155, 945–959, DOI: 10.1093/genetics/155.2.945.

[17] Shi, F.R., Xue, J.Q., Mu, D., Wang, S.L., Zhang, X.X. (2014). Studies on differences of hybridization efficiency and related reasons of 17 Hippeastrum cultivars. Acta Hortic. Sinica, 41, 553–563, DOI: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014.03.017.

[18] Szilard, P. (2013). Getting your Hippeastrum(Amaryllis) to bloom. Trop. Plant Soc., Denver, 2/10a.

[19] Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1596–1599, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092.

[20] Wang, Y., Chen, D.F., He, X.F., Shen, J.X., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D., Wei Z.Z. (2018). Revealing the complex genetic structure of cultivated amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) using transcriptome-derived microsatellite markers. Sci. Rep., 8, 10645, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28809-9.

[21] Wei, Z.Z., Luo, L.B., Zhang, H.L., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2012). Identification and characterization of 43 novel polymorphic EST-SSR markers for arum lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica (Araceae). Am. J. Bot., 99, e493–497, DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200228.

[22] Wei, Z.Z., Sun, Z.Z., Cui, B.B., Zhang, Q.X., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2016). Transcriptome analysis of colored calla lily (Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl.) by Illumina sequencing: de novo assembly, annotation and EST-SSR marker development. PeerJ, 4, e2378, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2378.

[23] Wei, Z.Z., Sun, Z.Z., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2017a). Characterization and cross-species transferability of EST-SSRs from the illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing of arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica). Acta Hortic., 1171, 175–186, DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1171.24.

[24] Wei, Z.Z., Zhang, H.L., Wang, Y., Li, Y.L., Xiong, M., Wang, X., Zhou, D. (2017b). Assessing genetic diversity and population diferentiation of colored calla lily (Zantedeschia hybrid) for an efcient breeding program. Genes, 8, 168, DOI: 10.3390-genes8060168.

[25] Zhang, L., Xu, Y.C., Cheng, H.Z., Zhou, Y.Z. (2012). Genetic relationship analysis and fngerprint construction of 62 cultivars of Hippeastrum spp. based on ISSR marker. J. Plant Resour. Environ., 21, 48–54.