Analiza niektórych właściwości biologii kwitnienia pszenżyta przydatnych dla hodowli i reprodukcji odmian

Wanda Kociuba

Aneta Kramek

Abstrakt

The aim of this study was the analysis of some characteristics of triticale flowering biology. 36 Polish cultivars of winter triticale were included in this experiment. For the sake of comparison 2 winter wheat cultivars: Finezja and Soraja and 2 winter rye cultivars: Amilo and Warko were also included. This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Czesławice near Nałeczów in autumn 2002. In order to compare the fertility of spikelets measured by a different way of pollination before the flowering of plants, 10 single spikes and 10 double spikes were isolated on every cultivar of triticale, wheat and rye. The results were compared to those received for free pollination. After the flowering of plants 10 spikes were picked up from every cultivar of triticale, wheat and rye, to establish the percentage of the anthers remaining in particular florets of spikelets. Taking into consideration the number of the anthers getting outside of the florets, 3 types of flowering of the florets were distinguished: open, closed and combined. Also, the participation of spikelets with different flower numbers in spikes was calculated. On the basis of the obtained results a great variety of analyzed features in winter triticale cultivars was found. In spite of the differences between triticale cultivars, the analyzed features of plant flowering show a greater similarity to wheat than to rye. At the same time, a high percentage of open flowering of florets as well as throwing the pollen outside indicate the tendency of triticale to allogamy.