Dostateczne uwilgotnienie gleby w regionie kujawsko-pomorskim a plonowanie pszenżyta ozimego

Eliza Kalbarczyk

Robert Kalbarczyk

Abstrakt

The aim of the present paper was to define quantity relations between the yield of triticale and the sufficient moisture of the surface layer of the soil and to attempt to select the areas of differentiated conditions of triticale cultivation in relation to the sufficient moisture of soil and soil-agricultural complexes. The paper includes the GUS (Chief Central Statistical Office) data containing triticale yields in the communes of the Kujawsko-Pomeranian Province. The data referred to the years 1987-1998 and to the number of the 10day periods with the sufficient moisture of soil in the periods from 11^th Sept to 31^st Oct and from 1^st April to 30^th June in the years 1965/1966-1997/1998 determined on the basis of the maps of the moisture degree of soil included in the Agrometeorological Bulletins. The temporal and spacial distribution of the sufficient moisture of soil in the Kujawsko-Pomeranian Province in the years 1965/1966-1997/1998 was characterized in the paper and the effect of the sufficient moisture on the yields of winter triticale grain was defined. What is more, the frequency of occurrence of the years with the number of 10-day periods with the sufficient moisture of soil below the determined threshold values in autumn and winter periods was calculated. On the basis of the spacial distribution of frequency of the years with a determined number of 10-day periods with the sufficient moisture of soil and soil complexes three areas of differentiated conditions of triticale cultivation were selected. It was found out that in the Kujawsko-Pomeranian Province an average number of 10-day periods with the sufficient moisture of soil equals 4 in autumn and 7 in spring, an average variability being 35% and 27%, respectively. The sufficient moisture of the surface layer of soil occurring in autumn for ≤ 4.5 ten-day periods and in spring < 8 ten-day periods causes a decrease in yields of triticale grain below the many years' average. In the Kujawsko-Pomeranian Province average favourable conditions for the sufficient moisture of soil occur on about 1/3 of the surface of the Province mainly in its central and south-western part. Unfavourable conditions for the cultivation of triticale occur in the northern, north-eastern and south-eastern part of the Province.