The effect of the level and form of Fe on the quality of femur bones in broiler chickens
MAŁGORZATA KWIECIEŃ
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 LublinAbstrakt
The analyses aimed at determining the effect of administering iron in the form of glycine chelates on physical, chemical, morphometric and strength parameters of the tibia bone in broiler chickens. 200 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were divided into 4 groups each in 5 repetitions of 10 chicks. The feed mixtures were supplemented with Fe in inorganic form (FeSO4) and organic form (Fe-Gly), covering 100% or 50% of the total requirement of the component recommended for Ross 308 broiler chicks. After the chickens were sacrificed, the tibiae bones were isolated, weighed, measured and frozen for further mechanical analysis. An Instron Universal Testing Machine (Model 3369) was used to determine the bone maximum elastic strength (Wy) and the maximum force moment (Wf). The geometric properties of bones (second moment of interia – Ix, cross-section area – A, mean relative wall thickness – MRWT) and cortical indexes (thickness of cortical layer – GWK, cortical index – WK, cortical surface – PK, cortical surface index – WPK) were estimated on the basis of measuring the external and internal horizontal and vertical axes in the cross section of the bones at the site of the fracture. Degreased bones dried to constant weight were submitted to mineralization in a muffle furnace and the mineral content was determined. The addition of Fe-Gly at the recommended level increased the mass of the bones (g⋅100 g-1 of body weight) by 17.3%, in comparison with the group administered FeSO4 amounting to 20 mg⋅kg-1. The addition of Fe-Gly at a recommended dose caused a significant increase in the content of Ca and Zn in the chickens' femur. The results of the study suggest that Fe-Gly may be used as an alternative for the FeSO4, and the administration of 20 mg⋅kg-1 of Fe in the form of glycine compounds does not result in a lower quality of the bone.
Bibliografia
Andrews N.C., 2002. Metal transporters and disease. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 6, 181–186.
AOAC, 2000. Official methods of analysis. Intern. 17th ed. AOAC Inter., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Aviagen, 2013. Ross 308 BROILER. Nutrition Specification. On-line: en.aviagen.com.
Banks K.M., Thompson K.L., Rush J.K., Applegate T.J., 2004. Effects of copper source on phosphorus retention in broiler chicks and laying hens. Poult. Sci. 83, 990–996.
Bao Y.M., Choct M., Iji P.A., Bruerton K., 2007. Effect of organically complexed copper, iron, manganese, and zinc on broiler performance, mineral excretion, and accumulation in tissues. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16, 448–455.
Bruno L.D.G., Luquetti B.C., Furlanb R.L., Macarib M., 2007. Influence of early qualitative feed restriction and environmental temperature on long bone development of broiler chickens. J. Therm. Biol. 32, 349–354.
Close W.H., 1999. Organic minerals for pigs: an update. In: Lyons, T.P., Jacques, K.A. (eds.), Biotechnology in the feed industry. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 51–60.
Close W.H., 1998. The role of trace mineral proteinates in pig nutrition. In: Lyons, T.P., Jacques K.A. (eds.), Biotechnology in the feed industry. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 469–483.
Ettle T., Schlegel P., Roth X., 2008. Investigations on iron bioavailability of different sources and supply levels in piglets. J. Anin. Phys. Anim. Nutr. 92, 1, 30–45.
Feng J., Ma W.Q., Xu Z.R., He J.X., Wang Y.Z., Liu J.X., 2009. The effect of iron glycine chelate on tissue mineral levels, fecal mineral concentration, and liver antioxidant enzyme activity in weanling pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 150, 106–113
Feng J., Ma W.Q., Xu Z.R., Wang Y.Z., Liu J.X., 2007. Effects of iron glycine chelate on growth, haematological and immunological characteristics in weaning pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 134, 261–272.
Ferretti J.L., Capozza R.F., Mondelo N., Montuori E., Zanchetta J.R., 1993a. Determination of femur structural properties by geometric and material variables as a function of body weight in rats. Evidence of sexual dimorphism. Bone, 14, 256–270.
Ferretti J.L., Capozza R.F., Mondelo N., Montuori E., Zanchetta J.R., 1993b. Interrelationships between densitometric, geometric and mechanical properties of rat femora: inferences concerning mechanical regulation of bone modeling. J. Bone Miner. Res. 8, 1389–1395.
Gfeller R.W., Messonnier S.P., 2004. Iron. In: Handbook of small animal toxicology and poisonings. Mosby, St. Louis, 202–204.
Lieu P.T., Heiskala M., Peterson P.A., Yang Y., 2001. The roles of iron in health and disease. Mol. Aspects Med. 22, 1–87.
Makarski B., Zadura A., 2006. Effect of copper supplementation in various chemical forms on the utilization of mineral components and on the health status of turkeys. Pol. J. Nat. Sci. Suppl. 3, 459–465.
Männer K., Simon O., Schlegel P., 2006. Effects of different iron, manganese, zinc and copper sources (sulfates, chelates, glycinates) on their bioavailability in early weaned piglets. In: M. Rodehutscord (ed.). 9. Tagung Schweine- und Geflügelernährung, Universität HalleWittenberg, Germany.
Mikulski D., Jankowski J., Zduńczyk Z., Wróblewska M., Mikulska M., 2009. Copper balance, bone mineralization and the growth performance of turkeys fed diet with two types of Cu supplements. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 18, 677–688.
Oscar P., Ashmead H.D., 2001. Effectuveness of treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children with ferrous bis-glycinate chelate. Nutrition 17, 381–384.
Papanikolaou G., Pantopoulos K. 2005. Iron metabolism and toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 202, 199–211.
PN-76/R-64781. Pasze. Oznaczenie zawartości fosforu.
Predieri, G., Elviri L., Tegoni M., Zagnoni I., Cinti E., Biagi G., Ferruzza S., Leonardi G., 2005. Metal chelates of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid in animal feeding. Part 2: Further characterizations, in vitro and in vivo investigations. J. Inorg. Biochem. 99, 627–636.
SAS Institute SAS/STAT User’s Guide release 9.1.3. Cary, NC, Statistical Analysis System Institute, license 86636.
Studziński T., Matras J., Grela E.R., Valverde Piedra J.L., Truchliński J., Tatara M.R., 2006. Minerals: functions, requirements, excessive intake and toxicity. In: Biology of Nutrition in Growing Animals. Eds. R. Mosenthin, J. Zentek, T. Żebrowska, Elsevier, 4, 81–134.
Vieira S.L., 2008. Chelated minerals for poultry. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 10(2), 73–79.
Wang Z., Cerrate S., Coto C., Yan F., Waldroup P.W., 2007. Evaluation of MINTREX® copper as a source of copper in broiler diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 6(5), 308–313.
Yu B., Huang W.J., Chiou P.W., 2000. Bioavailability of iron from amino acid complex in weanling pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86, 39–52.
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
Licencja
Od 2022 r. artykuły są udostępniane na zasadach licencji Creative Commons uznanie autorstwa 4.0 międzynarodowa (CC BY 4.0). Artykuły opublikowane przed 2022 r. są dostępne na zasadach licencji Creative Commons uznanie autorstwa – użycie niekomercyjne – bez utworów zależnych 4.0 międzynarodowa (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Przysłanie artykułu do redakcji oznacza, że nie był on opublikowany wcześniej, nie jest rozpatrywany do publikacji w innych wydawnictwach.
Autor podpisuje oświadczenie o oryginalności dzieła i wkładzie poszczególnych osób.
