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Vol. 29 No. 2 (2019)

Articles

Pesticides – scope and risk of use, benefits and hazards. A review

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/ah.2019.2.1
Submitted: July 25, 2019
Published: 2019-06-06

Abstract

Pesticides commonly used in agriculture to obtain a crop of high-quality plants, and to limit the losses associated with the occurrence of pests and weeds on cultivated plantations were to serve human beings. However, despite the unquestionable advantages of pesticides, in the long run they are associated with high costs because they lead to the accumulation of these compounds in all parts of the environment – soil, air, surface and groundwater, which poses a serious threat to non-target organisms ranging from beneficial microorganisms soil, insects, birds, fish, mammals, plants and ending with man. Pesticides present in the human body lead to mutagenic, teratogenic and cancerous changes. They disrupt the hormonal and enzymatic management of the body, cause respiratory, digestive, lymphatic and skin diseases. These substances are characterized by embryotoxicity and may cause reproductive and fetal development impairment. In order to ensure food safety for consumers and to protect human health and life, many countries around the world have a monitoring program and conduct official food control regarding the content of contaminants, including pesticides, according to the maximum levels of these compounds. Due to the economic benefits resulting from the use of pesticides, the cost-benefit ratio should be considered. As there are major difficulties in fully assessing the risks of using plant protection products for human health and life, all pesticide use activities should be based on scientific assessment and not on commercial considerations. The constant search for new pesticides results from the verification of the benefits and risks associated with their use and the fact that pests become resistant to some substances, which results in low effectiveness of the treatments. Despite the withdrawal of many plant protection products from use, research on health risk assessment is still current. This is due to the accumulation of these substances in the environment or the illegal use of prohibited preparations.

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