Abstract
In recent years, a clear intensification in the occurrence of weather anomalies has been observed across almost all regions of Europe. The average annual air temperature is increasing, extremely high temperatures are occurring more frequently, short-term intense precipitation as well as long dry periods are becoming more common. These changes also affect the south-eastern part of the Lublin region and have a significant impact on the growth and development of crops.
Based on meteorological measurements (average air temperature and total precipitation) carried out at the station in Zamość, the conditions of plant growth and development during the vegetation period in the years 1976–2025 were characterized using the Selyaninov coefficient. Over the analyzed 50-year period, an increasing trend in aver-age temperature was recorded, accompanied by a slight decrease in precipitation totals. As a result, a decline in the Selyaninov coefficient was recorded in each month of the vegetation period, and consequently a deterioration in the conditions for plant growth and development was observed.
The average value of the Selyaninov coefficient in Zamość during the growing season ranged from 2.54 in 1980 to 0.33 in 2025. Analysing the values of the coefficient in the following decades of the 50th anniversary, it was found that its value systematically decreases from 1.59 in the years 1976–1985 to 0.95 in the years 2016–2025. A de-crease in the value of this coefficient was observed in each of the months of the growing season starting from April, when the highest values of 3.14 were recorded in the 10th year 1976–1985, and the lowest in 2016–2025. July was particularly dry, with Selyaninov coefficient values decreasing from 1.13 (1976–1985) to 0.60 between 2016 and 2025.
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