Abstract
In this study, an efficient system to break seed dormancy and plant regeneration was established for perennial vulneraria milkvetch (Astragalus vulnerariae DC.). The seed coat dormancy could be easily released using 40% sulphuric acid treatment for 15 minutes, which made the seed coat permeable without damaging
zygotic embryos. The tissue culture studies reported regeneration on 5 explants, which had variable effects on shoot regeneration, using MS medium containing variable concentrations of Kin–NAA and BAP–NAA. Maximum shoot regeneration of 86.67% with 4.47 shoots per explant was noted on MS medium containing
0.5 mg·l–1 Kin – 0.5 mg·l–1 NAA on hypocotyl explants. No shoot regeneration was noted on cotyledon leaf and shoot nodes using MS medium containing any concentration of BAP–NAA. Maximum shoot regeneration of 50% with 3 shoots per explant was also observed on 1 mg·l–1 BAP – 0.5 mg·l–1 NAA on epicotyl
explants. MS medium containing Kin–NAA induced hypocotyl explant shoots had rooting percentage of 36.67% on 0.5 mg·l–1 IBA, whereas, MS medium containing BAP–NAA induced hypocotyl shoots had rooting percentage of 46.67%. The in vitro cultured plants had an acclimatization rate of 78%. Aesthetically attractive, economical, easy to maintain and water efficient vulneraria milkvetch is currently not available in landscaping. The system of plant regeneration and adaptation suggested by this paper may help to dissipate it to a broad range of water scarce environments as a sustainable and inexpensive choice.
References
Akdoğan, G. (1972). Orta Anadolu step bitki örtüsünde bulunan bazı otsu bitkilerin peyzaj planlamasında değerlendirme imkanları üzerinde bir araştırma. Köyişleri Bakanlığı Yayınları 198, Ongun Kardeşler Matbaası, Ankara. Azizi, K, Changaie, N (2013). The effect of sulfuric acid, temperature, seed production locations and agronomic factors on hard seed breakdown in annual medic (Medicago scutellata cv. Robinson). Int. J. Agric Crop Sci., 5(9), 926–935. Başalma, D., Uranbey, S., Gürlek, D., Özcan, S. (2008). TDZ-induced plant regeneration in Astragalus cicer L. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7, 955–959. Baskin, C.C. (2003). Breaking physical dormancy in seeds – focussing on the lens. New Phytol., 158, 229–232. Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M. (1998). Seeds: ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Bedir, E., Çalış, I., Piacente, S., Pizza, C., Khan, IA. (2000). A new flavonol glycoside from the aerial parts of Astragalus vulnerariae. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 48, 1994–1995. Chamberlain, D.F., Matthews, V.A. (1970). Astragalus L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 3, Davis, P.H. (ed.). Edinburgh University Press, Edin-burgh. Cho, H.J., Brotherton, J.E., Song, H.S., Widholm, J.M. (2000). Increasing tryptophan synthesis in a forage legume Astragalus sinicus by expressing the tobacco feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (ASA2) gene. Plant Physiol., 123, 1069–1076. Edson, J.L., Everett, R.L., Wenny, D.L., Hederson, D.M. (1998). Shoot culture of Astragalus. Bot. Gard. Micro-pro News, 2, 34–36.
Fakhrai, H., Evans, P.K. (1989). In vitro culture and plant regeneration in Vicia faba subsp. equina (var. Spring Blaze). J. Exp. Bot., 40, 813–817.
Gu, Z. (1987). Callus culture of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis. Ann. Bot., 60, 309–313.
Luo, J.P., Jia, J.F. (1998a). Plant regeneration from callus protoplast of the forage legume Astragalus adsurgens Pall. Plant Cell Rep., 17, 313–317.
Luo, J.P., Jia, J.F. (1998b). Callus induction and plant regeneration from hypocotyl explants of the forage leg-ume Astragalus adsurgens. Plant Cell Rep., 17, 567–570. Luo, J.P., Jia, J.F., Gu, Y.H., Jing, L. (1999). High fre-quency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in callus cultures Astragalus adsurgens Pall. Plant Sci., 143, 93–99.
Mokhtarzadeh, S., Hajyzadeh, M., Ahmad, H.A., Khawar, K.M. (2013). The problems in acclimatisation of in vitro multiplied plants of Lavandula angustıfolia Miller under fıeld conditions. Acta Hortic., 988, 71–76.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with 277 tobacco cultures. Physiol. Plant, 15, 473–497.
Özel, C.A., Khawar, K.M., Karaman, S., Ateş, M.A., Arslan, O. (2008). Efficient in vitro multiplication in Ornithgalum uluphyllum Hand.-Mazz. from twin scale explants. Sci. Hortic., 116(1), 109–112.
Pipinis, E., Milios, E., Smiris, P., Gioumousidis, C. (2011). Effect of acid scarification and cold moist stratification on the germination of Cercis siliquastrum L. seeds. Turk. J. Agric. For., 35, 259–264.
Riggio-Bevilacqua, L., Roti-Michelozzi, G., Serrato-Va- lenti, G. (1985). Barriers to water penetration in Cercis siliquastrum seeds. Seed Sci. Technol., 13, 175–182. Rios, J.L., Waterman, P.G. (1998). A review of the phar-macology and toxicology of Astragalus. Phytother. Res., 11, 411–418.
Seelye, J.F., Burge, G.K., Morgan, E.R. (2003). Acclimatizing tissue culture plants: reducing the shock. Comb. Proc. Int. Plant Propag. Soc., 53, 85‒90.
Sumlu, S., Atar, H.H., Khawar, K.M. (2010). Breaking seed dormancy of water lily (Nymphaea aiba L.) under in vitro conditons. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 24(1), 1582–1586.
Tubives (2016). http://www.tubives.com/
Uranbey, S., Çöçü, S., Sancak, C., Parmaksız, I., Khawar, K.M., Mirici, S., Özcan, S. (2003). Efficient adventitious shoot regeneration system in cicer milkvetch. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 17, 33–37.
Wagner, L.K., Spira, T.P. (1994). Germination, recruitment and survival in the weedy annual Medicago polymorpha in successive wet and dry years. Amer. Midl. Nat., 131, 98–108.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
