Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
ASPHC Baner

Vol. 18 No. 1 (2019)

Articles

EVALUATION OF YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS OF CORN AFFECTED BY CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FERTILIZERS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.1.1
Submitted: February 19, 2019
Published: 2019-02-19

Abstract

In order to evaluate the yield, yield components and some physiological and qualitative traits of corn treated with nitrogen fertilizers (biological, chemical and integrated), a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Khorramabad during 2016 growing season. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications. Experimental treatments consisted of 100% chemical fertilizer (urea), bio-fertilizer (nitroxin), integration of bio-fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer, integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer, integration of bio-fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer and the control. Results showed that the effect of different treatments of fertilizers on all measured traits, except for number of rows in each ear and carotenoids, was significant. The results indicated that integration of bio-fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer affected the highest grain yield (9.31 t ha–1), dry biological yield (20.96 t ha–1), number of kernels in each row (41.67), plant height (201.02 cm), hectoliter weight (0.82 g cm–3), chlorophyll b (0.43 mg g–1 FW), total chlorophyll (1.1 mg g–1 FW) and leaf area index (LAI) (4) and there was no significant difference among this treatment and 100% chemical fertilizer (N) and integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer treatments in all measured traits. The greatest harvest index (45.8) and grain protein-content (9.1%) resulted from the integration of biofertilizer
+ 50% chemical fertilizer treatment. Also the highest 1000-grains weight (281.13 g) and chlorophyll a (0.66 mg g–1 FW) were caused by 100% chemical fertilizer (urea) treatments. Results showed that integration of bio-fertilizer + chemical fertilizer could be considered as a means to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.

References

  1. Adesemoye, A.O., Kloepper, J.W. (2009). Plant-microbes interactions in enhanced fertilizer-use efficiency. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 85, 1–12. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2196-0.
  2. Bibi, Z., Khan, N., Akram, M., Khan, Q., Khan, M.J., Batool, S., Makhdum, K. (2010). Integrating cultivars with reduced herbicides rates for weed management in maize. Pak. J. Bot., 42(3), 1923–1929.
  3. Caliskan, S., Ozkaya, I., Caliskan, M.E., Arslan, M. (2008). The effects of nitrogen and iron fertilization on growth, yield and fertilizer use efficiency of soybean in Mediterranean-type soil. Field Crops Res., 108(2), 126–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.04.005.
  4. Campillo, R., Jobet, C., Undurraga, P. (2010). Effects of nitrogen on productivity, grain quality, and optimal nitrogen rates in winter wheat cv. Kumpainia in Andisols of southern Chile. Chil. J. Agric. Res., 70(1), 159–169.
  5. Cechin, I., Fumis, T.F. (2004). Effect of nitrogen supply on growth and photosynthesis of sunflower plants grown in the greenhouse. Plant Sci., 166, 1379–1385. DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.01.020.
  6. Chandrasekar, B.R., Ambrose, G., Jayabalan, N. (2005). Influence of biofertilizers and nitrogen source level on the growth and yield of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. J. Agric. Technol., 1(2), 223–234.
  7. Chaudhary, A.R. (1993). Maize in Pakistan. Punjab Agriculture Coordination Board, Univ. Agric., Faisalabad.
  8. Cocking, E.C. (2003). Endophytic colonization of plant roots by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Plant Soil, 252, 169–175. DOI: 10.1023/A:1024106605806.
  9. Cox, W.J., Kalonge, S., Cherney, D.J.R., Reid, W.S. (1993). Growth, yield and quality of forage maize under different nitrogen management practices. Agron. J., 85, 344–347. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500020033x.
  10. Dai, J., Becquer, T., Rouiller, J.H., Reversat, G., Bernhard-Reversat, F., Lavelle, P. (2004). Influence of heavy metals on C and N mineralization and microbial biomass in Zn-, Pb-, Cu-, and Cd-contaminated soils. Appl. Soil. Ecol., 25, 99–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.09.003.
  11. El-Kholy, M.A., El-Ashry, S., Gomaa, A.M. (2005). Biofertilization of maize crop and its impact on yield and grains nutrient content under low rates of mineral fertilizers. J. Appl. Sci. Res., 1(2), 117–121.
  12. Evans, J.R. (1989). Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationship in leaves of C3 plants. Oecologia, 78, 9–19. DOI: 10.1007/BF00377192.
  13. Evans, J.R., Terashima, I. (1987). Effects of nitrogen nutrition on electron transport components and photosynthesis in spinach. Aust. J. Plant. Physiol., l4, 281–292. DOI: 10.1071/PP9870059.
  14. Fredeen, A.L., Gamon, J.A., Field, C.B. (1991). Responses of photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning to limitations in nitrogen and water availability in field grown sunflower. Plant. Cell. Environ., 14, 963–970. DOI: 10.1111/pce.12952.
  15. Hay, R.K.M., Walker, A.J. (1989). An introduction to the physiology of crop yield. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York.
  16. Hirpa, T. (2014). Response of maize crop to spatial arrangement and staggered inter seeding of haricot bean. I. J. Environ., 3, 126–138. DOI: 10.3126/ije.v6i4.18907.
  17. Hungria, M., Campo, R.J., Souza, E.M., Pedrosa, F.O. (2010). Inoculation with selected strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. lipoferum improves yields of maize and wheat in Brazil. Plant Soil, 331, 413–425. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-009-0262-0.
  18. Jalilian, J., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M., Saberali, S.F., Sadat-Asilan, K. (2012). Effects of the combination of beneficial microbes and nitrogen on sunflower seed yields and seed quality traits under different irrigation regimes. Field Crops Res., 127, 26–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.001.
  19. Kader, M.A. (2002). Effects of Azotobacter inoculants on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. J . Biol. Sci., 2, 259–261.
  20. Kennedy, I.R., Choudhury, A.T.M.A., Kecskes, M.L. (2004). Non-symbiotic bacterial diazotrophs in crop-farming systems: can their potential for plant growth promotion is better exploited? Soil. Biol. Biochem., 36, 1229–1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.006.
  21. Kohler, J., Caravaca, F., Carrasco, L., Roldan, A. (2006). Contribution of Pseudomonas mendocina and Glomus intraradices to aggregates stabilisation and promotion of biological properties in rhizosphere soil of lettuce plants under field conditions. Soil Use Manage., 22, 298–304. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2006.00041.x.
  22. Kokalis-Burelle, N., Kloepper, J.W., Reddy, M.S. (2006). Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms. Appl. Soil. Ecol., 31, 91–100. DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.007.
  23. Kordi, S., Eskandari, M., Fadavi, A., Barary, M., Rafiee, M., Mehrabi, A.A. (2013). Effects of different methods of urea application and harvesting time on the physical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. J. Crop. Improv., 15(1), 53–66.
  24. Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1987). Chlorophylls and cartenoides: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. In: Methods in enzymology, Colowick, S.P., Kaplan, N.O. (eds.), vol. 148. Academic Press, New York, 350–382.
  25. Malakouti, M.J. (1998). Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) an appropriate method for balanced fertilization on the calcareous soils of Iran. Tarbiat Modares University Press, Tehran
  26. Manske, G.G.B., Behl, R.K., Luttger, A.B., Vlek, P.L.G. (1998). Enhancement of mycorrhizal (AMF) infection, nutrient efficiency and plant growth by Azotobacter chroococcum in wheat. Evidence for varietals effects. In: Azotobacter in sustainable agriculture, Narula, N. (ed.). CBS Publ. Distrib., New Delhi, 136–147.
  27. Moscheler, W.W., Shear, G.M., Martens, D.C. (1988). Comparative yield fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen no-tillage and conventionally tilled maize. Agron. J., 64, 229–231. DOI:10.2134/agronj1972.00021962006400020029x.
  28. Nanda, S.S., Swain, K.C., Panda, S.C., Mohanty, A.K., Alim, M.A. (1995). Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers in fodder rainfed upland conditions of Orisa. Current Agric. Res., 8, 45–47
  29. Rahi, A.R. (2013). Effect of nitroxin biofertilizer on morphological and physiological traits of Amaranthus retroflexus. Iranian J. Plant Physiol., 4(1), 899–905.
  30. Rahmani, N., Valadbighi, S.A., Daneshian, J., Bidgholi, V.M. (2008). Effect of different levels of drought stress and nitrogen on oil yield in evergreen herb (Calendula officinalis L.). J. Res. Arom. Plant Iran., 24(1), 101–108
  31. Razavi, S.M.A., Mohammad, Amini, A., Rafe, A., Emadzadeh, B. (2007). The physical properties of pistachio nut and its kernel as a function of moisture content and variety. Part III. Frictional properties. J. Food Eng., 81(1), 226–235. DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.10.025.
  32. Singh, K.K., Goswami, T.K. (1996). Physical properties of cumin seed. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 64, 93–98. DOI:10.1006/jaer.1996.0049.
  33. Smolen, S., Sady, W. (2009). The effect of various nitrogen fertilization and foliar nutrition regimes on the concentrations of nitrates, ammonium ions, dry matter and N-total in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots. Sci. Hortic., 119(3), 219–231. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.07.030.
  34. Tagne, A., Feujio, T.P., Sonna, C. (2008). Essential oil and plant extracts as potential substitutes to synthetic fungicides in the control of fungi. International Conference Diversifying crop protection, 12–15 October 2008, La Grande-Motte, France
  35. Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L., Beaton, J.D. (1985). Soil fertility and fertilizers. Fourth edition. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
  36. Vessey, J.K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil, 255, 571–586.
  37. Werner, D., Newton, W.E. (2005). Nitrogen fixation in agriculture, forestry, ecology and environment. Springer, Netherlands.
  38. Zahir, A., Arshad, Z.M., Khalid, A. (1998). Improving maize yield by inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Pak. J. Soil. Sci., 15, 7–11.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

<< < 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.