Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
ASPHC Baner

Vol. 22 No. 5 (2023)

Articles

Changes in physical and chemical characteristics of Syrah grapes in response to timing of cluster thinning

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5014
Submitted: December 6, 2022
Published: 2023-10-30

Abstract

Cluster thinning was performed on vines of the Syrah variety eight days before the véraison (CTBV) and after the completion of the véraison (CTAV) in the 2019 and 2021 vegetation periods. The differences in physiological and chemical properties between the grapes were investigated to which cluster thinning was applied at two different times and those without cluster thinning. According to the research results, CTBV was more effective in the berry fresh weight, dry weight, berry volume, skin weight, skin surface, cluster width, cluster length, cluster weight, and cluster volume parameters than CTAV. Likewise, the levels of total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity increased by 9%, 27%, and 30%, respectively, compared to the control group without cluster thinning. Among the phenolic compounds, trans-resveratrol showed the highest increase of 38%, and petunidin-3-glucoside increased the most (12%) among anthocyanins.

References

  1. Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as measurement of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem., 239(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  2. Bogicevic, M., Maras, V., Mugoša, M., Kodžulović, V., Raičević, J., Šućur, S., Failla, O. (2015). The effects of early leaf removal and cluster thinning treatments on berry growth and grape composition in cultivars Vranac and Cabernet Sauvignon. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric., 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-015-0037-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-015-0037-1
  3. Colombo, F., Di Lorenzo, C., Regazzoni, L., Fumagalli, M., Sangiovanni, E., de Sousa, L.P., Bavaresco, L., Tomasi, D., Bosso, A., Aldini, G., Restani, P., Dell’Agli, M. (2019). Phenolic profiles and anti-inflammatory activities of sixteen table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties. Food Funct., 10(4), 1797–1807. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO02175A DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO02175A
  4. Condurso, C., Cincotta, F., Tripodi, G., Sparacio, A., Giglio, D.M.L., Sparla, S., Verzera, A. (2016). Effects of cluster thinning on wine quality of Syrah cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). Eur. Food Res. Technol., 242(10), 1719–1726. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00217-016-2671-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-016-2671-7
  5. Cravero, M.C., Bonello, F., Tsolakis, C., Piano, E., Borsa, D. (2012). Comparison between Nero d’Avola wines produced with grapes grown in Sicily and Tuscany. Ital. J. Food Sci., 24(4), 384–387.
  6. Çelik, M., Ilgaz, F. (2020). [The effects of applications of leaf removal and cluster thinning on yield and quality of Syrah]. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak., 57(2), 239–248. In Turkish. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.598983 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.598983
  7. Downey, M.O., Rochfort, S. (2008). Simultaneous separation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral identification of anthocyanins and flavonols in Shiraz grape skin. J. Chromatogr. A, 1201(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.002
  8. Fanzone, M., Zamora, F., Jofre, V., Assof, M., Peña-Neira, A. (2011). Phenolic composition of Malbec grape skins and seeds from Valle de Uco (Mendoza, Argentina) during ripening. Effect of cluster thinning. J. Agric. Food Chem., 59(11), 6120–6136. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200073k DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200073k
  9. Fertel, T.J. (2011). Cluster thinning effects on methoxypyrazine, resveratrol and berry chemistry in Vitis Vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Doctoral dissertation, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2011.92 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2011.92
  10. Gatti, M., Bernizzoni, F., Civardi, S., Poni, S. (2012). Effects of cluster thinning and preflowering leaf removal on growth and grape composition in cv. Sangiovese. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 63(3), 325–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2012.11118
  11. Gil, M., Esteruelas, M., González, E., Kontoudakis, N., Jiménez, J., Fort, F., Canals, J.M., Hermosín-Gutierrez, I., Zamora, F. (2013). Effect of two different treatments for reducing grape yield in Vitis vinifera cv Syrah on wine composition and quality: berry thinning versus cluster thinning. J. Agric. Food Chem., 61(20), 4968–4978. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400722z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400722z
  12. Gil-Muñoz, R.R., Vila-López, J.I., Martínez-Cutillas, A. (2009). Effects of cluster thinning on anthocyanin extractability and chromatic parameters of Syrah and Tempranillo grapes and wines. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 43(1), 45–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2009.43.1.786
  13. Giuffrè, A.M. (2013). High performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) detection of trans-resveratrol: evolution during ripening in grape berry skins. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 8(2), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.2257
  14. Giusti, M.M., Wrolstad, R.E. (2001). Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins by UV-visible spectroscopy. In: R.E. Wrolstad, T.E, Acree, H., An, E.A, Decker, M.H., Penner, D.S., Reid, S.J., Schwartz, C.F. (eds). Current protocols in food analytical chemistry. NewYork, John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913
  15. González-Neves, G., Gil, G., Favre, G., Ferrer, M. (2012). Influence of grape composition and winemaking on the anthocyanin composition of red wines of Tannat. Int. J. Food Sci., 47(5), 900–909. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02920.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02920.x
  16. Jackson, R.S. (2008). Wine science: principles and applications. Academic Press, pp. 281.
  17. Jackson, R.S. (2014). Wine science: principles and applications. 4th ed. Elsevier, Canada, pp. 978.
  18. Katalinić, V., Milos, M., Modun, D., Musić, I., Boban, M. (2004). Antioxidant effectiveness of selected wines in comparison with (+)-catechin. Food Chem., 86(4), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.10.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.10.007
  19. Keller, M., Mills, L.J., Wample, R.L., Spayd, S.E. (2005). Cluster thinning effects on three deficit-irrigated Vitis vinifera cultivars. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 56(2), 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2005.56.2.91 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2005.56.2.91
  20. Kök, D. (2011). Influences of pre-and post-veraison cluster thinning treatments on grape composition variables and monoterpene levels of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon Blanc. J. Food Agric. Environ., 9(1), 22–26.
  21. Liu, D., Wang, Z., Xie, S., Liu, M., Liang, P., Zhang, Z. (2018). Effect of cluster thinning during véraison on phenolic substances of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah. J. Northwest A F Univ. Natural Sci. Ed., 46(7), 124–131.
  22. Lorenz, D.H., Eichhorn, K.W., Bleiholder, H., Klose, R., Meier, U., Weber, E. (1995). Growth stages of the grapevine: Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) – Codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scale. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res., 1(2), 100–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x
  23. Marcon Filho, J.L., Würz, D. A.A., Brighenti, A.F., Allebrandt, R., Cury, L., de Bem, B.P., Rufato, L., Kretzschmar, A.A. (2018). Effects of pre-and post-véraison cluster thinning on Montepulciano and Cabernet Franc grape varieties in southern Brazil highlands. Rev. Ciênc. Agrovet., 17(3), 444–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811711732018444 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5965/223811711732018444
  24. Mawdsley, P.F.W., Peterson, J.C.D., Casassa, L.F. (2019). Multi-year study of the effects of cluster thinning on vine performance, fruit and wine composition of pinot noir (clone 115) in California’s Edna Valley AVA (USA). Sci. Hortic., 256, 108631. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108631
  25. Naor, A., Gal, Y., Bravdo, B. (1997). Crop load affects assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, stem water potential and water relations of field-grown Sauvignon Blanc grapevines. J. Exp. Bot., 48(9), 1675–1680. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.9.1675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.9.1675
  26. OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine), 2009. Compendium of international methods of wine and must analysis. International Organisation of Vine and Wine, Paris (France), 154–196.
  27. Palma, L., Novello, V., Tarricome, L., Frabboni, L., Lopriore, G., Soleti, F. (2007). Grape and wine quality as influenced by the agronomical soil protection in a viticultural system of southern Italy. Quad. Sci. Vitic. Enol., Univ. Torino 29, 83–111.
  28. Pastore, C., Zenoni, S., Tornielli, G.B., Allegro, G., Santo, S.D., Valentini, G., Intrieri, C., Pezzotti, M., Filippetti, I. (2011). Increasing the source/sink ratio in Vitis vinifera (cv Sangiovese) induces extensive transcriptome reprogramming and modifies berry ripening. BMC Genomics, 12, 631. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-631
  29. Peña-Neira, A., Cáceres, A., Pastenes, C. (2007). Low molecular weight phenolic and anthocyanin composition of grape skins from cv. Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.) in the Maipo Valley (Chile): Effect of clusters thinning and vineyard yield. Food Sci. Tech. Int., 13(2), 153–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013207077920
  30. Petrie, P.R., Clingeleffer, P.R. (2006). Crop thinning (hand versus mechanical), grape maturity and anthocyanin concentration: outcomes from irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) in a warm climate. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res., 12(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2006.tb00040.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2006.tb00040.x
  31. Poni, S., Bernizzoni, F., Civardi, S., Libelli, N.(2009). Effects of pre-bloom leaf removal on growth of berry tissues and must composition in two red Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res., 15(2), 185–193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00044.x
  32. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26(9–10), 1231–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  33. Reeve, A.L., Skinkis, P.A., Vance, A.J., McLaughlin, K.R., Tomasino, E., Lee, J., Tarara, J.M. (2018). Vineyard floor management and cluster thinning inconsistently affect ‘Pinot noir’ crop load, berry composition, and wine quality. HortSci., 53(3), 318–328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12682-17
  34. Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.J.A.(1965). Colorimetric of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16(3), 144–158. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
  35. Smithyman, R.P., Howell, G.S., Miller, D.P. (1998). The use of competition for carbohydrates among vegetative and reproductive sinks to reduce fruit set and botrytis bunch rot in Seyval blanc grapevines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 49(2), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1998.49.2.163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1998.49.2.163
  36. Song, C.Z., Chao, W., Sha, X., Zhang, Z.W. (2018). Effects of leaf removal and cluster thinning on berry quality of Vitis vinifera cultivars in the region of Weibei Dryland in China. J. Integr. Agric., 17(7), 1620–1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61990-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61990-2
  37. Tahmaz, H., Söylemezoğlu, G. (2017). Effects of vinification techniques combined with UV–C irradiation on phenolic contents of red wines. J. Food Sci., 82(6), 1351–1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13724
  38. Wang, W., Liang, Y., Quan, G., Wang, X., Xi, Z. (2022). Thinning of cluster improves berry composition and sugar accumulation in Syrah grapes. Sci. Hortic., 297(12), 110966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110966 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.110966
  39. Wurz, D.A. (2019). Wine and health: A review of its benefits to human health. BIO Web of Conf. 12, 04001. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191204001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191204001
  40. Xi, X., Zha, Q., Jiang, A., Tian, Y. (2016). Impact of cluster thinning on transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes in ‘Summer Black’ grapes. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 104, 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.015
  41. Yağcı, A., Bozkurt, A. (2020). Changing of cluster and berry characteristics depending on time in wine grapes cultivars. Akad. Ziraat Derg., 9(2), 201–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.733718

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

<< < 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.