Abstrakt
Priming is a treatment applied for seed enhancement. Brassica vegetable seeds are commonly affected by Alternaria brassicicola. The changes in germination and vigour of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.) seeds subjected to two priming methods in the presence of A. brassicicola were investigated. The following treatments were applied: uninoculated non-primed seeds (control), seeds inoculated with A. brassicicola (2·104 spores ml-1), uninoculated and inoculated seeds hydroprimed for 1–2 days, and uninoculated and inoculated seeds osmoprimed for 1–4 days. The percentage of germinating seeds, germination capacity, the percentages of diseased seedlings and dead seeds were determined. The speed of germination, tetrazolium staining index, and electrical conductivity described seed vigour. The presence of A. brassicicola on/in seeds was confirmed on CW semiselective agar. Osmopriming was conducive to penetration of A. brassicicola into kohlrabi seeds. The presence of the fungus had no influence on the percentage of germinating seeds, but a significantly lower germination capacity and
a higher percentage of diseased seedlings and dead seeds were observed after inoculation. Non-primed inoculated seeds germinated faster than uninoculated ones. Despite the presence of A. brassicicola, osmotic priming improved seed vigour as measured by the speed of seed germination and electrical conductivity. The results of the tetrazolium vigour test showed its limited usefulness for seeds heavily infected with A. brassicicola.
Bibliografia
Berto P., Belingheri L., Dehorter B., 1997. Production and purification of a novel extracellular lipase from Alternaria brassicicola. Biotechnol. Lett., 19(6), 533–536.
Biniek A., Tylkowska K., 1987. Germination and mycoflora of carrot seeds treated with thiram and conditioned in PEG 6000. Acta Hort., 215, 225–230.
Bochenek A., Górecki J. A., Grzesiuk S., 2000. Ogólne właściwości biologiczne nasion. [W:] Nasiennictwo, T. 1, eds Duczmal K. W., Tucholska H. PWRiL, 116–170.
Dorna H., Tylkowska K., Zhao X., 2001. Effects of osmopriming and Rovral on health and germination of China aster seeds. Phytopathol. Pol., 21, 35–44.
Gallardo K., Job C., Groot S.P.C., Puype M., Demol H., Vandekerckhove J., Job D., 2001. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis seed germination and priming. Plant Physiol., 126, 835–848.
Hampton J.G., TeKrony D.M., 1995. Handbook of Vigour Test Methods. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland.
Humpherson-Jones F.M., 1992. Epidemiology and control of dark leaf spot of Brassicas. [In:] Alternaria – Biology, Plant Diseases and Metabolites, eds Chełkowski J., Visconti A. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam – London – New York – Tokyo, 267–288.
ISTA, 2003a. International Rules for Seed Testing. ISTA, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
ISTA, 2003b. ISTA Working Sheets on Tetrazolium Testing. Vol. 1. Agricultural, Vegetable and Horticultural Species. ISTA, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
Jalink H., van der Schoor R., 1999. SeedCalculator 2.1. License number: 100200122. Plant Research International, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Janas R., Habdas H., Szafirowska A., 2000. Health status and cytological changes in matriconditioned seeds. Phytopathol. Pol., 19, 117–125.
Jensen B., Knudsen I.M.B., Madsen M., Jensen D.F., 2004. Biopriming of infected carrot seed with antagonist, Clonostachys rosea, selected for control of seedborne Alternaria spp. Phytopathology, 94(6), 551–560.
McDonald M.B., 2000. Seed priming. [In:] Seed technology and its biological basis. (eds Black M., Bewley J.D.). Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, 287–325.
Nascimento W.M., West S.H., 1998. Microorganism growth during muskmelon seed priming. Seed Sci. & Technol., 26, 531–534.
Osburn R.M., Schroth M.N., 1998. Effects of osmopriming sugar beet seed on exudation and subsequent damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum. Phytopathology, 78, 1246–1250.
Pill W.G., 1995. Low water potential and presowing germination treatments to improve seed quality. [In:] Seed quality: Basic mechanisms and agricultural implications. (ed Basra A.S.), Food Products Press, New York, London, 319–359.
Poapst R.A., Ramsoomair B.A., Gourley C.O., 1979. On the promotion of senescence in Brassica oleracea var. capitata by Alternaria brassicicola and by Botrytis cinerea. Can. J. Bot., 57, 2378–2386.
Powell A., 2005. Seed Vigor and its Assessment. [In:] Handbook of Seed Science and Technology, ed Basra A.S., Food Product Press, New York, London, Oxford, 603–648.
Richardson M.J., 1990. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Diseases, 4th edition. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland.
Rotem J., 1998. The genus Alternaria. Biology, epidemiology and pathogenicity. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Sivapalan A., Browning J.W., 1992. Incidence of Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltsh. on Brassica oleracea seeds. Aust. J. Exp. Agr., 32(4), 535–537.
Suri R.A., Mandahar C.L., 1984. Secretion of cytokinins in vivo and in vitro by Alternaria brassicola and their role in pathogenesis. Experientia, 40(5), 462–463.
Tylkowska K., 1991. Alternaria radicina M. D. et. E. w materiale siewnym marchwi. Roczniki AR w Poznaniu, Rozpr. Nauk., 220, 1–69.
Tylkowska K., Bereśniewicz-Dudała M., 1988. Mikoflora i kiełkowanie nasion elit Brassica oleracea. Rocz. Nauk Rol., seria E, 18(1), 63–79.
Tylkowska K., Biniek A., 1996. Fungi and germination of carrot and parsley seeds under osmoconditioning and fungicide treatment. Phytopathol. Pol., 12, 51–61.
Tylkowska K., van den Bulk R.W., 2001. Effects of osmo- and hydropriming on fungal infestation levels and germination of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds contaminated with Alternaria spp. Seed Sci. Technol., 29, 365–375.
Wright B., Rowse H., Whipps J.M., 2003. Microbial population dynamics on seeds during drum and steeping priming. Plant Soil, 255(2), 631–640.
Wu W.S., Chen T.W., 1999. Development of a new semiselective medium for detecting Alternaria brassicicola in cruciferous seeds. Seed Sci. Technol., 27, 397–409.
Wu W.S., Wu C.H.H., Wu K.C., 1979. Alternaria brassicicola, a destructive pathogen in seed production of cauliflower. Plant Prot. Bull. (Taiwan), 21, 294–304.
Yao C., Koller W., 1995. Diversity of cutinase from plant pathogenic fungi: different cutinases are expressed during saprophytic and pathogenic stages of Alternaria brassicicola. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8(1), 122–130.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
