Abstrakt
To investigate the effect of substrate, organic matter, and salinity on the amount of essential oil and active ingredients of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Based on the results, the highest percentage of essential oil was observed in the combined substrate of arable soil + compost + vermicompost. The highest percentages of compounds including Trans-carveol, Isoborneol, and Carvacrol acetate were observed in the salinity of 80 mM in the combined substrate of arable soil + compost + vermicompost. The highest percentage of compounds including citronellol and γ-Terpinene were recorded under compost substrate. In the control and with a combined substrate of arable soil + compost, the highest percentage of compounds, including 1,3,8,-P-menthatriene was observed. Application of HA could increase the main constituents, including Trans-carveol, γ-Terpinene, Isoborneol, Citronellol, and Carvacrol acetate in lemon balm.
Bibliografia
- Ahmed, A.M.A., Talaat, I.M., Khalid, K.A. (2017). Citric acid affects Melissa officinalis L. essential oil under saline soil. Asian J. Crop Sci., 9, 40–49. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2017.40.49
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2017.40.49
- Akula, R., Ravishankar, G.A. (2011). Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Sig. Behav., 6, 1720–1731. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.11.17613
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.11.17613
- Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A., Khanuja, S.P.S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of french basil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 36(13–14), 1737–1746. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200062434
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200062434
- Asghari, M., Yousefirad, M., Masoumi Zavarian, A. (2015). Study of the effects of organic compost and vermicompost fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of Behlimo medicinal plant. J. Med. Plants, 2(58), 71–63. https://doi.org/10.22092/IJMAPR.2022.357546.3125
- Ashraf, M., Akhtar, N. (2004). Influence of salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil content in sweet fennel. Biol. Plant, 48(3), 461–464. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOP.0000041105.89674.d1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOP.0000041105.89674.d1
- Aziz, E.E., Al-Amier, H., Craker, L.E. (2008). Influence of salt stress on growth and essential oil production in peppermint, pennyroyal, and apple mint. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants, 14, 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496470802341375
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10496470802341375
- Baâtour, O., Kaddour, R., Mahmoudi, H., Tarchoun, I., Bettaieb, I., Nasri, N., Mrah, S., Hamdaoui, G., Lachaâl, M., Marzouk, B. (2011). Salt effects on Origanum majorana fatty acid and essential oil composition. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91, 2613–2620. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4495
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4495
- Bahcesular, B., Yildirim, E.D., Karaçocuka, M., Kulakb, M., Karaman, S. (2020). Seed priming with melatonin effects on growth, essential oil compounds and antioxidant activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under salinity stress. Ind. Crops Prod., 146, 112165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112165
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112165
- Banerjee, A., Roychoudhury, A. (2018). Effect of salinity stress on growth and physiology of medicinal plants. In: Medicinal plants and environmental challenges, Ghorbanpour, M., Varma, A. (eds). Springer, Cham, 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68717-9_10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68717-9_10
- Barrett-Lennard, E.G. (2003). Interaction between waterlogging and salinity in higher plants: causes, consequences and implications. Plant Soil, 253(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024574622669
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024574622669
- Bonacina, C., Borsari Trevizan, C., Stracieri, J., dos Santos, T.B., Gonçalves, J.E., Cristiani Gazim, Z., Hülse de Souza, S.J. (2017). Changes in growth, oxidative metabolism and essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) subjected to salt stress. Aust. J. Crop Sci., 11(12), 1665–1674. https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.17.11.12.pne921
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.17.11.12.pne921
- Bonfim, F.P.G., Honorio, I.C.G., Reis, I.L., Pereira, A.J., Souza, D.B. (2011). Caderno dos microrganismos eficientes (EM): instrucoes praticas sobre uso ecologico e social do EM. Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, 32 p.
- Darzi, M.T. (2007). Effect of biofertilizers application on qualitative and quantitative yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) in order to reach to a sustainable agroecosystem [PhD thesis]. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran.
- Davies, N.W. (1990). Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and Carbowax 20 M phases. J. Chromat., 503, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81487-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81487-4
- Delfine, S., Tognetti, R., Desiderio, E., Alvino, A. (2005). Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 25(2), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2005017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2005017
- Fallah, S., Rostaei, M., Lorigooini, Z., Abbasi Surki, A. (2018). Chemical compositions of essential oil and antioxidant activity of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica) in sole crop and dragonhead soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system under organic manure and chemical fertilizers. Ind. Crop Prod., 115, 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.003
- Flexas, J., Medrano, H. (2002). Drought‐inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non‐stomatal limitations revisited. Ann. Bot., 89(2), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf027
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf027
- Gohari, G., Mohammadi, A., Duathi Kazemnia, H. (2019). Effect of vermicompost on some growth and biochemical characteristic of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under water salinity stress. J. Agric. Sci. Sustain. Prod., 29(1), 151–168.
- Gorgini Shabankareh, H., Fakheri, B.A., Mohammad Puroshvaei, R. (2014). Effect of different levels of salinity and drought stress on growth indices and essential oil of lemongrass (Melissa officinalis L.). Iran Crop Sci., 46(4), 686–673. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJFCS.2015.56815
- Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Amiri, H., Ismaili, A. (2016). Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynthetica, 54(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-015-0162-x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-015-0162-x
- Kapoor, R., Giri, B., Mukerji, K.G. (2004). Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresour. Technol., 93(3), 307–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.028
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.028
- Khadem al-Husseini, Z., Jafarian, Z., Roshan, W., Ranjbar, G.H. (2018). Effect of water salinity on quantity and quality of biochemical characteristics of Mellissa officinallis L. Rangel. Sci. Res. J., 12(3), 379–370. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.20080891.1397.12.3.10.8
- Khalid, K., Cai, W. (2011). The effects of mannitol and salinity stresses on growth and biochemical accumulations in lemon balm. Acta Ecol. Sin., 31, 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2011.01.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2011.01.001
- Khoramivafa, M., Arivn, K., Sayyadian, K. (2018). Quantity and quality of dill essential oil as influenced by organic fertilizers. J. Med. Plants By-Prod., 1, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.22092/JMPB.2018.116728
- Lakhdar, A., Rabhi, M., Ghnaya, T., Montemurro, F., Jedidi, N., Abdelly, C. (2009). Effectiveness of compost use in salt-affected soil. J. Hazard. Mater. 171(1–3), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.132
- Menezes,C., Guerra, F.Q., Pinheiro, L.S., Trajano, V.N., Pereira, F., de Souza, V.G, de Souza F.S., Lima, E. (2015). Investigation of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil for antifungal activity against Cladosporium carrionii. Int. J. Trop. Dis. Health., 8, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2015/17841
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2015/17841
- Mirzajani, M.R., Majidian, M., Mohsenabadi, G. (2019). Evaluating the effect of integrated nutrition on quantitative yield and essential oil percentage of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis). Plant Prod., 42(4), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.25695.1594
- Mohsenzadeh, S., Zamanpour Shahmansouri, H. (2019). Evaluation of municipal solid waste compost and agricultural waste vermicompost by growth of Lippia citriodora under salinity stress. J. Environ. Sci. Stud., 4(4), 2135–2143.
- Mona, Y., Kandil, A.M., Swaefy Hend, M.F. (2008). Effect of three different compost levels on fennel and salvia growth character and their essential oils. Biol. Sci., 4, 34–39.
- Ozturk, A., Unlukara, A., Ipek, A., Gurbuz, B. (2004). Effects of salt stress and water deficit on plant growth and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Pak. J. Bot., 36, 787–792.
- Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H., Abou-Ellail, M., Omer, E.A. (2016). Harvest date and genotype influences growth characters and essential oil production and composition of Petroselinum crispum plants. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 8, 992–1003.
- Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H, Hussein, M.S. (2010). Effect of water stress and potassium humate on the productivity of oregano plant using saline and fresh water irrigation. Ozean J. App. Sci., 3, 125–141.
- Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H, Omer, E.A. (2011). Medicinal and aromatic plants production under salt stress. A review. Herba Pol., 57, 72–87.
- Valifard, M., Mohsenzadeh, S., Kholdebarin, B., Rowshan, V. (2014). Effects of salt stress on volatile compounds, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Salvia mirzayanii. S. Afr. J. Bot., 93, 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.04.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.04.002
- Verpoorte, R., Contin, A., Memelink, J. (2002). Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites. Phytochem. Rev., 1, 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015871916833
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015871916833
- Young-Cheol, Y., Hoi-Seon, L., Si Hyeock, L., Marshall, C., Young-Joon, A. (2005). Ovicidal and adulticidal activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil compounds and related compounds against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculicidae). Int. J. Parasit., 35, 1595–1600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.08.005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.08.005
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.