Wpływ nawożenia, uprawy roli i roślin na fizykochemiczne właściwości gleby

Wiesław Bednarek

Karol Bujak

Przemysław Tkaczyk

Mariusz Frant

Abstrakt

The paper was based on the results assembled from a field experiment founded on greybrown podzolic soil made from loess between 1999 and 2002. Before the setting of the experiment the soil was characterized by neutral reaction, a very high content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium and the medium of magnesium. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilization, way of cultivation (the sum of ploughing in crop rotation was: I way – 7, II – 3 and III – 1) and crop sequence: potato, spring wheat, pea, winter wheat, on physicochemical properties on greybrown podzolic soil made from loess whose samples for analyses were taken from a layer of 0–20 cm each year after harvest. The experiment was set in a split-block method in four repetitions. The area of one experimental plot was 20 m2. In the autumn farmyard manure was used for potato at the dose of 30 t ha-1 and mineral fertilization at the rate (kg ha-1): N – 60, P – 26.2, K – 58.1 (1 NPK) and N – 90, P – 39.3 and K – 87.2 (1.5 NPK), for spring wheat: N – 50, P – 17.4 and K – 49.8 (1 NPK) and N – 75, P – 26.1 and K – 74.7 (1.5 NPK), for pea: N – 20, P – 26.2 and K – 66.4 (1 NPK) and N – 30, P – 39.3 and K – 99.6 (1.5 NPK), for winter wheat: N – 60, P – 17.4 and K – 58.1 (1 NPK) and N – 90, P – 26.1 and 87.2 (1.5 NPK). The fertilizers were used in the form of ammonium nitrate, triple superphosphate and potassium salt (49.8% K), potassium sulphate (43.2% K) was used for potato. Mineral fertilization, different ways of cultivation did not cause considerable changes of any physicochemical properties of soil: pHKCl, the content of Al3+, H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ and total alkalic cations, total sorptive capacity and base cation saturation. Further research is advisable in order to improve the knowledge about the role of evaluated factors in shaping the physicochemical properties and also to broaden it for other properties of soil.