THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ON SEED QUALITY AND EMERGENCE OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.)
Dorota Szopińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, PolandMagdalena Jarosz
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, PolandBeata Sławińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, PolandAbstract
Infestation with pathogenic fungi is frequently a cause of poor carrot seed quality. The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment on germination, vigour and health of carrot seeds as well as plant emergence was investigated. Four seed samples were tested. Seeds were soaked in 3, 6, 9 and 12% H2O2 solutions for 10, 30 and 60 min. Controls were untreated seeds, seeds treated with fungicide (a.i. 75% thiram), and seeds soaked in distilled water for 10, 30 and 60 min. The fungi from genera Alternaria and Fusarium were frequently detected on tested seeds and dead seedlings. Hydrogen peroxide treatment, regardless of concentration and treatment time, reduced significantly carrot seed infestation with A. alternata, A. radicina and Fusarium spp., however was not effective in the control of A. dauci. Deterioration of seed germination and vigour was observed mostly if seeds were treated with 9 and 12% H2O2. Treating seeds with 3% H2O2 for 30 min positively affected plant emergence in three of four tested samples, while treatment with 6% H2O2 significantly decreased percentage of healthy seedlings in one of these samples and increased it in two of them.
Keywords:
H2O2, fungi, carrot, seed germination, seed vigour, seedling emergenceReferences
Chien, C.T., Lin, T.P. (1994). Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide in improving the germination of Cinnamonum camphora seed. Seed Sci. Technol., 22, 231–236.
Conner, P.J. (2008). Effects of stratification, germination temperature and pretreatment with gibberellic acid and hydrogen peroxide on germination of ‘Fry’ muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) seed. HortSci., 43(3), 853–856.
Duval, J.R., NeSmith, D.S. (2000). Treatment with hydrogen peroxide and seedcoat removal or clipping improve germination of ‘Genesis’ triploid watermelon. HortSci., 35(1), 85–86.
FAOSTAT (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistics Division. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E
Geetha, H.M., Shetty, H.S. (2002). Induction of resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola using benzothiadiazole, calcium chloride and hydrogen peroxide – a comparative evaluation. Crop Prot., 21(8), 601–610.
Groot, S.P.C., van der Wolf, J.M., Jalink, H., Langerak, C.J., van den Bulk, R.W. (2004). Challenges for the production of high quality organic seeds. Seed Test. Internat., 127, 12–15.
Huarte, R., Garcia, M.D. (2009). Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Poaceae) caryopsis dormancy and germination responses to scarification, hydrogen peroxide and phytohormones. Seed Sci. Technol., 37, 544–553.
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Jaskani, M.J., Kwon, S.W., Kim, D.H., Abbas, H. (2006). Seed treatments and orientation affects germination and seedling emergence in tetraploid watermelon. Pakistan J. Bot., 38(1), 89–98.
Klein, J.D., Wood, L.A., Geneve, R.L. (2008). Hydrogen peroxide and color sorting improves germination and vigor of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) seeds. Acta Hort., 782, 93–98.
Lehrer, R.I. (1969). Antifungal effects of peroxidase systems. J. Bacteriol., 99(2), 361–365.
Machado, J.C., Langerak, C.J., Jaccoud-Filho, D.S. (2002). Seed-borne fungi: A contribution to routine seed health analysis. International Seed Testing Association. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Mathur, S.B., Kongsdal, O. (2003). Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Naredo, M.E.B., Juliano, A.B., Lu, B.R., Guzman de, F., Jackson, M.T. (1998). Responses to seed dormancybreaking treatments in rice species (Oryza L.). Seed Sci. Technol., 26, 675–689.
Narimanov, A.A. (2000). Presowing treatment of seeds with hydrogen peroxide promotes germination and development of plants. Biol. Bratislava, 55(4), 425–428.
Neumann, M., Trotter, D., Kolotelo, D. (1997). Seed sanitation method to reduce seedborne Fusarium levels on conifer seed. Surrey, BC: British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Seed Seedl. Ext. Top., 10(1,2), 18–23.
Ogawa, K., Iwabuchi, M. (2001). A mechanism for promoting the germination of Zinnia elegans seeds by hydrogen peroxide. Plant Cell Physiol., 42(3), 286–291.
Peng, M., Kuc, J. (1992). Peroxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide as a source of antifungal activity in vitro and on tobacco leaf disks. Phytopathology, 82, 696–699.
Rosada, D. (2012). Effects of hydrogen peroxide and organic acids on germination, vigour and health of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees.) seeds. MSc thesis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland (in Polish with English abstract).
Sapers, G.M., Sites, J.E. (2003). Efficacy of 1% hydrogen peroxide wash in decontaminating apples and cantaloupe melons. J. Food Sci., 68(5), 1793–1797.
Sasaki, K., Kishtami, S., Fumitaka, A., Sato, T. (2005). Promotion of seedling growth of seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore) by treatment with H2O2 before sowing. Plant Prod. Sci., 8(5), 509–514.
Smilanick, J.L., Goates, B.J., Denis-Arrue, R., Simmons, G.T., Peterson, G.L., Henson, D.J., Rij, R.E. (1994). Germinability of Tilletia spp. teliospores after hydrogen peroxide treatment. Plant Dis., 78(9), 861–865.
Słupinska, E. (2012). Effects of hydrogen peroxide and organic acids on germination, vigour and health of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds. MSc thesis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland (in Polish with English abstract).
Szopińska, D. (2014). Effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the germination, vigour and health of Zinnia elegans seeds. Folia Hort., 26(1), 19–29.
Thomas, E.L. (1979). Myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, chloride antimicrobial system: nitrogen-chlorine derivatives of bacterial components in bactericidal action against Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 23(2), 522–531.
Tylkowska, K. (1991). The influence of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler on carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed germination. Phytopathol. Pol., 1(13), 14–18.
Tylkowska, K. (1992). Carrot seed-borne diseases caused by Alternaria species. In: Alternaria, biology, plant diseases and metabolites, Chełkowski, J., Visconti, A. (eds). Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 337–352.
Wahid, A., Sehar, S., Perveen, M., Gelani, S., Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M. (2008). Seed pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide improves heat tolerance in maize at germination and seedling growth stages. Seed Sci. Technol., 36(3), 633–645.
Conner, P.J. (2008). Effects of stratification, germination temperature and pretreatment with gibberellic acid and hydrogen peroxide on germination of ‘Fry’ muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) seed. HortSci., 43(3), 853–856.
Duval, J.R., NeSmith, D.S. (2000). Treatment with hydrogen peroxide and seedcoat removal or clipping improve germination of ‘Genesis’ triploid watermelon. HortSci., 35(1), 85–86.
FAOSTAT (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistics Division. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E
Geetha, H.M., Shetty, H.S. (2002). Induction of resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola using benzothiadiazole, calcium chloride and hydrogen peroxide – a comparative evaluation. Crop Prot., 21(8), 601–610.
Groot, S.P.C., van der Wolf, J.M., Jalink, H., Langerak, C.J., van den Bulk, R.W. (2004). Challenges for the production of high quality organic seeds. Seed Test. Internat., 127, 12–15.
Huarte, R., Garcia, M.D. (2009). Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Poaceae) caryopsis dormancy and germination responses to scarification, hydrogen peroxide and phytohormones. Seed Sci. Technol., 37, 544–553.
International Rules for Seed Testing (2012). International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
International Rules for Seed Testing (2014 a). Annexe to Chapter 7; Seed Health Testing Methods 7-001a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria dauci on Daucus carota (carrot). International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
International Rules for Seed Testing (2014 b). Annexe to Chapter 7; Seed Health Testing Methods 7-002a: Blotter method for the detection of Alternaria radicina on Daucus carota (carrot). International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Jalink, H., van der Schoor, R. (1999). Seed Calculator 2.1. License number: 100200122. Plant Research International, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Jarosz, M. (2006). Ocena efektywności traktowania nasion marchwi (Daucus carota L.) wybranymi związkami chemicznymi i preparatem Biosept 33 SL. MSc thesis, August Cieszkowski Agricultural Academy in Poznań, Poland (in Polish).
Jaskani, M.J., Kwon, S.W., Kim, D.H., Abbas, H. (2006). Seed treatments and orientation affects germination and seedling emergence in tetraploid watermelon. Pakistan J. Bot., 38(1), 89–98.
Klein, J.D., Wood, L.A., Geneve, R.L. (2008). Hydrogen peroxide and color sorting improves germination and vigor of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) seeds. Acta Hort., 782, 93–98.
Lehrer, R.I. (1969). Antifungal effects of peroxidase systems. J. Bacteriol., 99(2), 361–365.
Machado, J.C., Langerak, C.J., Jaccoud-Filho, D.S. (2002). Seed-borne fungi: A contribution to routine seed health analysis. International Seed Testing Association. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Mathur, S.B., Kongsdal, O. (2003). Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Naredo, M.E.B., Juliano, A.B., Lu, B.R., Guzman de, F., Jackson, M.T. (1998). Responses to seed dormancybreaking treatments in rice species (Oryza L.). Seed Sci. Technol., 26, 675–689.
Narimanov, A.A. (2000). Presowing treatment of seeds with hydrogen peroxide promotes germination and development of plants. Biol. Bratislava, 55(4), 425–428.
Neumann, M., Trotter, D., Kolotelo, D. (1997). Seed sanitation method to reduce seedborne Fusarium levels on conifer seed. Surrey, BC: British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Seed Seedl. Ext. Top., 10(1,2), 18–23.
Ogawa, K., Iwabuchi, M. (2001). A mechanism for promoting the germination of Zinnia elegans seeds by hydrogen peroxide. Plant Cell Physiol., 42(3), 286–291.
Peng, M., Kuc, J. (1992). Peroxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide as a source of antifungal activity in vitro and on tobacco leaf disks. Phytopathology, 82, 696–699.
Rosada, D. (2012). Effects of hydrogen peroxide and organic acids on germination, vigour and health of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees.) seeds. MSc thesis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland (in Polish with English abstract).
Sapers, G.M., Sites, J.E. (2003). Efficacy of 1% hydrogen peroxide wash in decontaminating apples and cantaloupe melons. J. Food Sci., 68(5), 1793–1797.
Sasaki, K., Kishtami, S., Fumitaka, A., Sato, T. (2005). Promotion of seedling growth of seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore) by treatment with H2O2 before sowing. Plant Prod. Sci., 8(5), 509–514.
Smilanick, J.L., Goates, B.J., Denis-Arrue, R., Simmons, G.T., Peterson, G.L., Henson, D.J., Rij, R.E. (1994). Germinability of Tilletia spp. teliospores after hydrogen peroxide treatment. Plant Dis., 78(9), 861–865.
Słupinska, E. (2012). Effects of hydrogen peroxide and organic acids on germination, vigour and health of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds. MSc thesis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland (in Polish with English abstract).
Szopińska, D. (2014). Effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the germination, vigour and health of Zinnia elegans seeds. Folia Hort., 26(1), 19–29.
Thomas, E.L. (1979). Myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, chloride antimicrobial system: nitrogen-chlorine derivatives of bacterial components in bactericidal action against Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 23(2), 522–531.
Tylkowska, K. (1991). The influence of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler on carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed germination. Phytopathol. Pol., 1(13), 14–18.
Tylkowska, K. (1992). Carrot seed-borne diseases caused by Alternaria species. In: Alternaria, biology, plant diseases and metabolites, Chełkowski, J., Visconti, A. (eds). Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 337–352.
Wahid, A., Sehar, S., Perveen, M., Gelani, S., Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M. (2008). Seed pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide improves heat tolerance in maize at germination and seedling growth stages. Seed Sci. Technol., 36(3), 633–645.
Dorota Szopińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Magdalena Jarosz
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Beata Sławińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Division of Seed Science and Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
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