GENETIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF POPULATIONS OF Pyricularia grisea FROM RICE
Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh
Islamic Azad University, Rasht, IranFatemeh Habibi
Islamic Azad University, Rasht, IranAli Akbar Ebadi
Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, IranAbstract
Pyricularia grisea, the causal agent blast disease in rice, is considered as one of the most important fungus in paddy fields. Isolates of Pyricularia grisea were analyzed by SSR to determine the amount of genetic variability in populations. Fourteen primers were applied and DNA bands of 95-640 bp were produced. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method gave three groups. Group 1 was the major group and most of isolates which collected from west of Guilan belonged to this group. Groups 2 and 3 belonged to the center of Guilan isolates and the east of Guilan isolates, respectively. The results revealed although genetic distance was high between isolates of west and east of Guilan and the genetic similarity among these isolates of these two populations was low, but there was the maximum of genetic distance or the minimum of genetic similarity between the population of center of Guilan isolates and population of east of Guilan isolates. The minimum of genetic distance or the maximum of genetic similarity there was between the population of center of Guilan isolates and population of west of Guilan isolates. Overall, results confirmed that microsatellite primers are good and suitable markers for analyzing the population structure of Pyricularia grisea.
Keywords:
genetic variation, PCR, Pyricularia grisea, riceReferences
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Takahata, N., Nei, M. (1984). FST and GST statistics in the finite island model. Genetics, 107, 501–504.
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Yeh, F.C., Boyle, T.J.B. (1997). Population genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits. Bel. J. Bot., 129, 157.
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Brondani, C., Garrido, L.R., Ferreira, M.E. (2000). Development of microsatellite markers for the genetic analysis of Magnaporthe grisea. Gen. Mol. Biol., 23(4), 753–762.
Chadha, S., Gopalakrishna, T. (2005). Genetic diversity of Indian isolates of rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) using molecular markers. Curr. Sci., 88(9), 1466–1469.
Caligiorne, R.B., Resende, M.A., Paiva, E., Azevedo, V. (1999). Use of RAPD to analyse genetic diversity of dematiaceous fungal pathogens. Can. J. Microbiol., 45, 408–412
Consolo, V.F., Cordo, C.A., Salerno, G.L. (2008). DNA fingerprint and pathotype diversity of Pyricularia oryzae populations from Argentina. Australasian Plant Pathol., 37, 357–364.
Farman, M.L. (2007). Telomeres in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae: the world of the end as we know it, FEMS. Microbiol. Lett., 273,125–132
Gad, M.A., Ibrahim, N.A., Bora, T.C. (2013). Molecular biodiversity in phytopathogenic fungi, Pyricularia spp. J. Biol. Chem. Res., 30(1), 216–226.
George, M.L.C., Nelson, R.J., Zeigler, R.S., Leung, H. (1997). Rapid population analysis of Magnaporthe grisea by using rep-PCR and endogenous repetitive DNA sequences. American Phytopathol. Soc., 88(3), 223–229.
Hemmati, R., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Okhovvat, S.M., Ghazanfari, K. (2005). Study on genetic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea using PCR and determination of the mating type alleles distribution in Mazandaran province, Iran. Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci., 70(3), 311–313.
Javan Nikkhah, M. (2001). Study on the genetic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast pathogen by using molecular, pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility characters in Guilan province, Iran. Ph.D thesis, Department of plant pathology, University of Tehran.
Jian-Hui, M., Ping, W., Dai-Hua, L., Zhong-Quan, H., Hui-Li, Y., Lin, Y. (2008). Analysis of genetic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea in monoculture and mid-planting rice field based on SSR markers, Southwest China. J. Agri. Sci., 21(5), 1294–2004.
Kimura, M., Crow, J.F. (1964). The number of alleles that can be maintained in a finite population. Genet., 49, 725–738.
Kiran Babua, T., Sharma, R., Upadhyayab, H.D., Reddya, P.N., Deshpande, S., Senthilvel, S., Sarma, N.D.R.K., Thakur, R.P. (2013). Evaluation of genetic diversity in Magnaporthe grisea populations adapted to finger millet using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. Physiol. Mol. Plant. Path., 84, 10–18.
Levy, M.J., Corra-Victoria, F., Zeigler, R.S., Xu, S., Hamr, J. (1993). Genetic diversity of the rice blast fungus in a disease nursery Colombia. American Phytopathol. Soc., 83(12), 1427–1433.
Lewontin, R. (1972). Apportionment of human diversity. Evol. Biol., 6, 381–398.
Liu, L., Li, J., Su, Y., Wang, Y., Xie, Y., Zhu, Y. (2008). Polymorphism microsatellite sequence within ABC transporter genes in phytopathogenic Magnaporthe grisea, IFIP International Fed-eration for Information Processing. Comp. Comp. Tech. Agricult., 258(1), 553–558.
Ma, B.T., Qu, G.L., Shi, J., Chen, X., Lin, Y.F., Huang, W.J., Li, S.G. (2008). Genetic diversity of AVR-pita alleles of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. J. Mol. Cell Biol., 41 (6), 495–499.
Motallebi, P., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Okhovvat, M., Berdi Fotouhifar, K., Mosahebi, G.H. (2009). Differentiation of Magnaporthe species complex by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting, Com-mun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci., 74(3), 821–829.
Murray, M.G., Thompson, W.F. (1980). Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nuc. Acids Res., 8, 4321–4325.
Nei, M., Takezaki, N., Sitnikova, T. (1995). Assessing molecular phylogenies. Science, 267, 253–254.
Nei, M. (1978). Molecular phylogeny and genetic diversity analysis. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Nei, M. (1972). Genetic distance between populations. Am. Nat., 106, 283–292.
Ou, S.H. (1985). Rice diseases. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, 2nd.
Peakall, R., Smouse, P.E. (2006). GenAlEx 6: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol. Ecol. Notes., 6, 288–295.
Piotti, E., Rigano, M.M., Rodolfi, R., Castiglione, M., Picco, A.M., Sala, F. (2005). Genetic structure of Pyricularia grisea, isolates from Italian paddy fields. J. Phytopathol., 153(2), 80–86.
Prabhu, A.S., Araújo, L.G., Silva, G.B., Trindade, M.G. (2007). Virulence and rep-PCR analysis of Pyricularia grisea isolates from two Brazilian upland rice cultivars. Fitopatol. Bras., 32(1), 13–20.
Rabiei, B., Sabouri, H. (2008). Locating the controlling genes for quantitative traits. University of Guilan publications.
Rohlf, F.J. (2000). NTSYS-pc: Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Version 2.1. Exeter Publications, New York, USA.
Safari Motlagh, M.R., Javadzadeh, A. (2010). Evaluation of the reaction of Alisma plantago-aquatica and some rice cultivara to Curvularia lunata in the north of Iran. J. Food Agr. Envir., 8(3–4), 828–831.
Séré, Y., Onasanya, A., Afolabi, A., Mignouna, H.D., Akator, K. (2007). Genetic diversity of the blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr, in Burkina Faso. Afri. J. Biotech., 6(22), 2568–2577.
Silva, G.B., Prabhu, A.S., Filippi, M.C.C., Trindade, M.G., Araújo, L,G., Zambolim, L. (2009). Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Magnaporthe oryzae from leaves and panicles of rice in commercial fields in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Tropic. Plant Pathol., 34(2),77–86.
Sirithunya, P., Sreewongchai, T., Sriprakhon, S., Toojinda, T., Pimpisithavorn, S., Kosawang, C., Smitamana, P. (2008). Assessment of genetic diversity in Thai isolates of Pyricularia grisea by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. J. Phytopathol., 156(4), 196–204.
Takahata, N., Nei, M. (1984). FST and GST statistics in the finite island model. Genetics, 107, 501–504.
Vanaraj, P., Kandasamy, S., Ambalavanan, S., Ramalingam, R., Sabariyappan, R. (2013). Varia-bility in Pyricularia oryzae from different rice growing regions of Tamil Nadu, India. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 7(26), 3379–3388.
Yeh, F.C., Boyle, T.J.B. (1997). Population genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits. Bel. J. Bot., 129, 157.
Ying, S., Froun, J., Yue-Qiu, H., Kaya, C., Fang-Hua, X., Notteghem, J.L., Er-Ming, L., Tharreau, D. (2004). The perfect stage and SSR analysis of Magnaporthe grisea in Yanxi blast nursery. Chinese J. Rice. Sci., 18(3), 262–268.
Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh
Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Fatemeh Habibi
Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Ali Akbar Ebadi
Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran
Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran
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