INFLUNCE OF TIME OF BENZYLADENINE APPLICATION ON ROOTING OF CUTTINGS AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF Portulaca umbraticola Kunth
Katarzyna Wróblewska
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesRegina Dębicz
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesAbstract
Auxins are main promoters of rooting. Cytokinins are considered as auxin antagonists in adventitious root formation, but their role in this process depends on a number of factors, such as concentration and the phase of treatment. Regardless of their role in rhizogenesis, cytokinins stimulate lateral shoot development. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of BA applied in different time of rooting and its cooperation with NAA on Portulaca cuttings and subsequent growth of plants. Stem cuttings of Portulaca umbraticola were treated with BA or BA and NAA in different concentrations and time of BA application (0; 2 and 5 days after placing in medium). BA, administered at the beginning of rooting, negatively influenced percentage of rooted cuttings, while applied two days later stimulated rooting. BA positively determined lateral shoot length and number on cuttings. Application of BA with NAA stimulated root development, but negatively affected the axillary shoot outgrowth. Considering the effect of BA treatment on rooting and branching of Portulaca cuttings the most advantages combinations occurred to be BA applied after 2 days of rooting.
Keywords:
adventitious roots, lateral shoots, cytokinin, BA, auxin, NAAReferences
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Biddington N.L., Dearman A.S., 1982. The involvement of the root apex and cytokinins in the control of lateral root emergence in lettuce seedlings. Plant Growth Regul. 1, 183–193.
Blakesley D., Weston G.D., Hall J.F., 1991. The role of endogenous auxin in root initiation. I. Evidence from studies on auxin aplication, and analysis of endogenous levels. Plant Growth Regul. 10, 341–353.
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Dello Ioio R., Linhares F.S., Scacchi E., Casamitjana-Martinez E., Heidstra R., Costantino P., Sabatini S., 2007. Cytokinins determine Arabidopsis root-meristem size by controlling cell differentiation. Curr. Biol. 17(8), 678–82.
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De Klerk D.J., van der Krieken W., de Jong J.C., 1999. Review: The formation of adventitious roots, new concepts, new possibilities. Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 35, 189–199.
Doerner P., 2007. Plant Meristems: Cytokinins – The Alpha and Omega of the Meristem. Curr. Biol. 17(9), 321–323.
Edson J.L., Wenny D.L., Fins L., 1991. Inducing long-shoot growth for vegetative propagation of western larch. New Forests 5, 51–60.
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Fabijan D., Taylor J.S., Reid D.M., 1981. Adventitious root formation in hypocotyls of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings. II. The role of gibbrellins, cytokinins, auxins and ethylene. Physiol. Plant. 53, 578–588.
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Li Y.H., Chen Q.Z., Xiao J.N., Chen Y.F., Li X.J., Staehelin C., Huang X.L., 2008. Characteristics of adventitious root formation in cotyledon segments of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zihua): two induction patterns, histological origins and the relationship with polar auxin transport. Plant Growth Regul. 54, 165–177.
Li S.W., Xue L., Xu S., Feng H., An L., 2009. Mediators, genes and signaling in adventitious rooting. Bot. Rev. 75, 230–247.
Liu H., Wang S., Yu X., Yu J., He J., Zhang S., Shou H., Wu P., 2005. ARL1, a LOB-domain protein required for adventitious root formation in rice. Plant J. 43, 47–56.
Mohammed S., 1980. Root formation in pea cuttings: effects of combined application of auxin and cytokinin at different developmental stages. Biol. Plant. 22 (3), 231–236.
Nördstrom A., Tarkowski P., Tarkowska D., Norbeak R., Åstot C., Dolezal K., 2004. Auxin regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: A factor of potential importance for auxin-cytokinin-regulated development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8039–8044.
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Ongaro V., Leyser O., 2008. Hormonal control of shoot branching. J. Exp. Bot. 59, 67–74.
Rani Debi B., Taketa S., Ichii M., 2005. Cytokinin inhibits lateral root initiation but stimulates lateral root elongation in rice (Oryza sativa). J. Plant Physiol. 162, 507–515.
Schiefelbein, J.W., Benfey P.N., 1991. The development of plant roots, new approaches to underground problems. Plant Cell 3, 1147–1154.
Shimizu-Sato S., Tanaka M., Mori H., 2009. Auxin-cytokinin interactions in the control of shoot branching. Plant Mol. Biol. 69, 429–435.
Smith D.L., Fedoroff N.V., 1995. LRP1, a gene expressed in lateral and adventitious root primordia of Arabidopsis. Planr Cell 7, 735–745.
Tanaka M., Takei K., Kojima M., Sakakibara H., Mori H., 2006. Auxin controls local cytokinin biosynthesis in the nodal stem in apical dominance. Plant J. 45, 1028–1036.
Taylor B.H., Scheuring C.F., 1994. A molecular marker for lateral root initiation: the RSI-1 gene of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is activated in early lateral root primordia. Mol. Gen. Genet. 243, 148–157.
Taylor J.L.S., van Staden J., 1997. Variation in the level and type of cytokinin with the stage of root development in Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. stem cuttings. Plant Growth Regul. 22, 175–180.
Van Staden J., Harty A.R., 1988. Cytokinins and Adventitious Root Formation. W: Adventitious root formation in cuttings, Davies T.D., Haissig B.E., Sankhla N. (red.). Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon, 185–201.
Vera P., Lamb C., Doerner P.W., 1994. Cell-cycle regulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein HRGPnt3 gene expression during the initiation of lateral root meristems. Plant J. 6, 717–727.
Wightman F., Schneider E.A., Thimman K., 1980. Hormonal factors controlling the initiation and development of lateral roots. II. Effect of exogenous growth factors on lateral root formation in pea roots. Physiol. Plant. 49, 304–314.
Werner, T., Schmülling T., 2009. Cytokinin action in plant development. Curr. Op. Plant Biol. 12, 527–538.
Wróblewska K., Bąbelewski P., 2010. The effect of benzyladenine and naphthalene acetic acid on rooting and subsequent growth of Portulaca umbraticola Kunth. Folia Hort. Ann. 22(2), 39–44.
Biddington N.L., Dearman A.S., 1982. The involvement of the root apex and cytokinins in the control of lateral root emergence in lettuce seedlings. Plant Growth Regul. 1, 183–193.
Blakesley D., Weston G.D., Hall J.F., 1991. The role of endogenous auxin in root initiation. I. Evidence from studies on auxin aplication, and analysis of endogenous levels. Plant Growth Regul. 10, 341–353.
Casimiro I., Marchant A., Bhalerao R.B., Beeckman T., Dhooge S., Swarup R., Graham N., Inzé D., Sandberg G., Casero P.J., Bennett M., 2001. Auxin transport promotes Arabidopsis lateral root initiation. Plant Cell 13, 843–852.
Dello Ioio R., Linhares F.S., Scacchi E., Casamitjana-Martinez E., Heidstra R., Costantino P., Sabatini S., 2007. Cytokinins determine Arabidopsis root-meristem size by controlling cell differentiation. Curr. Biol. 17(8), 678–82.
De Klerk G.J., Keppel M., Ter Brugge J., Meekes H., 1995. Timing of the phases in adventitious root formation aplle microcuttings. J. Exp. Bot. 46, 965–972.
De Klerk D.J., van der Krieken W., de Jong J.C., 1999. Review: The formation of adventitious roots, new concepts, new possibilities. Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 35, 189–199.
Doerner P., 2007. Plant Meristems: Cytokinins – The Alpha and Omega of the Meristem. Curr. Biol. 17(9), 321–323.
Edson J.L., Wenny D.L., Fins L., 1991. Inducing long-shoot growth for vegetative propagation of western larch. New Forests 5, 51–60.
Ermel F.F., Vizoso S., Charpentier J.P., Jay-Allemand C., Catesson A.M., Couée I., 2000. Mechanisms of primordium formation during adventitious development from walnut cotyledon explants. Planta 211, 563–574.
Eriksen E.N., 1974. Root formation in pea cuttings. III. The influence of cytokinin at different developmental stages. Physiol. Plant. 30, 163–167.
Fabijan D., Taylor J.S., Reid D.M., 1981. Adventitious root formation in hypocotyls of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings. II. The role of gibbrellins, cytokinins, auxins and ethylene. Physiol. Plant. 53, 578–588.
Gaspar T., Kevers C., Faivre-Rampant O., Crèvecoeur M., Penel C., Greppin H., Dommes J., 2003. Changing concepts in plant hormone action. Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant. 39, 85–106.
Hartmann H.T., Kester D.E., Davies F.T., Geneve R.L., 2002. Principles of propagation by cuttings. In: Plant propagation, principles and practices. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 278–291.
Koukourikou-Petridou M.A., Bangerth F., 1997. Effect of changing the endogenous concentration of auxins and cytokinins and the production of ethylene in pea stem cuttings on adventitious root formation. Plant Growth Regul. 22, 101–108.
Kyozuka J., 2007. Control of shoot and root meristem function by cytokinin. Curr. Op. Plant Biol. 10, 442–446.
Laplaze, L., Benkova E., Casimiro I., Maes L., Vanneste S., Swarup R., Weijers D., Calvo V., Parizot B., Herrera-Rodriguez M.B., Offringa R., Graham, N., Doumas P., Friml J., Bogusz D., Beeckman T., Bennett M., 2007. Cytokinins act directly on lateral root founder cells to inhibit root initiation. Plant Cell 19, 3889–3900.
Li C., Bangerth F., 2003. Stimulatory effect of cytokinins and interaction with IAA on the release of lateral buds of pea plants from apical dominance. J. Plant Physiol. 160, 1059–1063.
Li Y.H., Chen Q.Z., Xiao J.N., Chen Y.F., Li X.J., Staehelin C., Huang X.L., 2008. Characteristics of adventitious root formation in cotyledon segments of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zihua): two induction patterns, histological origins and the relationship with polar auxin transport. Plant Growth Regul. 54, 165–177.
Li S.W., Xue L., Xu S., Feng H., An L., 2009. Mediators, genes and signaling in adventitious rooting. Bot. Rev. 75, 230–247.
Liu H., Wang S., Yu X., Yu J., He J., Zhang S., Shou H., Wu P., 2005. ARL1, a LOB-domain protein required for adventitious root formation in rice. Plant J. 43, 47–56.
Mohammed S., 1980. Root formation in pea cuttings: effects of combined application of auxin and cytokinin at different developmental stages. Biol. Plant. 22 (3), 231–236.
Nördstrom A., Tarkowski P., Tarkowska D., Norbeak R., Åstot C., Dolezal K., 2004. Auxin regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: A factor of potential importance for auxin-cytokinin-regulated development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8039–8044.
Nowak J., Grzesik M., 1997. Regulatory roślinne w uprawie roślin ozdobnych. W: Regulatory wzrostu i rozwoju roślin, Jankiewicz L.S. (red.). Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa, 111–136.
Ongaro V., Leyser O., 2008. Hormonal control of shoot branching. J. Exp. Bot. 59, 67–74.
Rani Debi B., Taketa S., Ichii M., 2005. Cytokinin inhibits lateral root initiation but stimulates lateral root elongation in rice (Oryza sativa). J. Plant Physiol. 162, 507–515.
Schiefelbein, J.W., Benfey P.N., 1991. The development of plant roots, new approaches to underground problems. Plant Cell 3, 1147–1154.
Shimizu-Sato S., Tanaka M., Mori H., 2009. Auxin-cytokinin interactions in the control of shoot branching. Plant Mol. Biol. 69, 429–435.
Smith D.L., Fedoroff N.V., 1995. LRP1, a gene expressed in lateral and adventitious root primordia of Arabidopsis. Planr Cell 7, 735–745.
Tanaka M., Takei K., Kojima M., Sakakibara H., Mori H., 2006. Auxin controls local cytokinin biosynthesis in the nodal stem in apical dominance. Plant J. 45, 1028–1036.
Taylor B.H., Scheuring C.F., 1994. A molecular marker for lateral root initiation: the RSI-1 gene of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is activated in early lateral root primordia. Mol. Gen. Genet. 243, 148–157.
Taylor J.L.S., van Staden J., 1997. Variation in the level and type of cytokinin with the stage of root development in Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. stem cuttings. Plant Growth Regul. 22, 175–180.
Van Staden J., Harty A.R., 1988. Cytokinins and Adventitious Root Formation. W: Adventitious root formation in cuttings, Davies T.D., Haissig B.E., Sankhla N. (red.). Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon, 185–201.
Vera P., Lamb C., Doerner P.W., 1994. Cell-cycle regulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein HRGPnt3 gene expression during the initiation of lateral root meristems. Plant J. 6, 717–727.
Wightman F., Schneider E.A., Thimman K., 1980. Hormonal factors controlling the initiation and development of lateral roots. II. Effect of exogenous growth factors on lateral root formation in pea roots. Physiol. Plant. 49, 304–314.
Werner, T., Schmülling T., 2009. Cytokinin action in plant development. Curr. Op. Plant Biol. 12, 527–538.
Wróblewska K., Bąbelewski P., 2010. The effect of benzyladenine and naphthalene acetic acid on rooting and subsequent growth of Portulaca umbraticola Kunth. Folia Hort. Ann. 22(2), 39–44.
Katarzyna Wróblewska
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Regina Dębicz
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
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