FUNGI OCCURRING ON COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE (Picea pungens Engelm.) IN THE CRACOW BOTANIC GARDEN
Maria Bartyńska
Agricultural University in CracowWaldemar Mirski
Agricultural University in CracowAbstract
The aim of the study was to determine the causes of dying down of sprout and needles of Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and its cultivar ‘Glauca’ in the park collection of the Botanic Garden of Jagiellonian University in Cracow. For several years, the disease symptoms described in the article have led to the loss of decorative values of these trees. The study was conducted in the years 2002 and 2003 by means of the control of plant healthfulness, phytopathological diagnostics, isolation of microorganisms from tissues exhibiting diseases symptoms, as well as the culture and identification of the isolated fungi. Both, the control of tree healthfulness, and specialized laboratory techniques proved that the symptoms diagnosed in plants had an infectious character, and that
the fungi might be the main causing agents. The analysis of the fungal populations isolated from the affected tissues indicates the combined occurrence of fungi in tissues of the studied plants and the domination of the following species: Alternaria consortiale, Aureobasidium pullulans, Penicillium canescens, Phoma pomorum, Ulocladium consortiale, Zythiostroma pinastri.
Keywords:
Picea pungens, disease symptoms, fungiReferences
Bojarczuk T., 2001. Świerk kłujący (Picea pungens). Działkowiec 10, 9.
Bonenberg K., 1988. Rośliny użyteczne człowiekowi. Inst. Wyd. Zw. Zawod., Warszawa.
Cartar R. V., Abrahams M. V., 2000. The infection of pyrola (Pyrola asarifolia;Pyrolaceae) by spruce cone rust (Chrysomyxa pirolata; Uredinales): Morphological correlates in the host and consequences for spore dispersal. Ecoscience 3, 357-364.
Chojnowska E., 2000. Iglaki w ogrodzie. Multico Oficyna Wydawnicza, Warszawa, pp. 272.
Crane P. E., Hiratsuka Y., 2000. Evidence for environmental determination of uredinia and telia production in Chrysomyxa pirolata (inland spruce cone rust). Can. J. Bot. 5, 660-667.
Crane P. E., Hiratsuka Y., Currah R. S., 2000. Reproductive biology and evidence for water dispersal of teliospores in Chrysomyxa weirii, a microcyclic spruce needle rust. Mycologia 4, 754–763.
Czyżewski J. A., 1975. Choroby i szkodniki roślin ozdobnych. PWRiL, Warszawa, pp. 668.
Domsch K. H., Gams W., Anderson Traute-Heidi, 1980. Compendium of soil fungi. Acad. Press, A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Pub., London, New York, Toronto, Sydney, San Francisko, pp. 859.
Ellis M. B., 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Comm. Mycol. Inst. Kew, Surrey, England.
Gams W., 1971. Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Hyphomycetes). Gustav Fiscer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 262.
Gerlach W., Nirenberg H., 1982. The Genus Fusarium a Pictorial Atlas. Biologisce Bundesanstslt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Institut für Mikrobiologie Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, pp. 407.
Gilman J. C., 1957. A manual of soil fungi. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
Halmschlager E., Anglberger H., Neumuller A., 2000a. The role of Sirococcus shoot blight in secondary spruce stands. Maribrunnew Waldbautader1999. Umbau sekundarer Nadelwalder. FBVA Berichte 111, 95–100.
Halmschlager E., Gabler A., Andrae F., 2000b. The impact of Sirococcus shoot blight on radial and height growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in young plantations. Forest Pathology 3, 127–133.
Igoe M. J., Peterson N. C., Robert D. L., 1995. A Phomopsis canker associated with branch dieback of Colorado blue spruce in Michigan. Plant Dis. 2, 202–205.
Kiraly Z., Klement Z., Salymosy F., Vörös J., 1977. Fitopatologia – wybór metod badawczych. PWRiL, Warszawa, pp. 460.
Kiriljenko T. S., 1977. Atłas Rodow Poczwiennych Gribow (Ascomycetes i Fungi Imperfecta). Naukowa Dumka, Kijew, pp. 128.
Kupriewicz W., Ulianiszew W., 1975. Opriedelitiel rżawczinnych gribow SSSR, czast(i) I, Sjem. Melampsoraceae i njekotoryje rody sjem. Pucciniaceae. Izdatielstwo „Nauka i Tjechnika”, Minsk, pp. 356.
Kwaśna H., Chełkowski J., Zajkowski P., 1991. Grzyby XXII. PAN., Inst. Bot., Warszawa-Kraków, pp. 137.
Łabanowski G., Orlikowski L., Soika G., Wojdyła A., 2001. Ochrona drzew i krzewów iglastych. Plantpress, Kraków, pp. 200.
Lehtijarvi A., Barklund P., 2000. Seasonal patterns of colonization of Norway spruce needles by Lophodermium picaea. Forest Pathology, 4, 185–193.
Majewski T., 1977. Grzyby IX. PAN., Inst. Bot., Warszawa-Kraków, pp. 398.
Magan N., Smith M. K., 1996. Isolation of the endophytes Lophodermium piceae and Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii from Sitka spruce needles in poor and good growth sites and in vitro effects of environmental factors. Bioindication of stress in forest trees and forest ecosystems. Papers given at the closing workshops and colloquium of the TEMPUS JEP programme, held in Ljubljana, Slovenia in August 1995 [coordinator Batic, F.]. Phyton Horn, 3, 103–110.
Manter D. K., Livingston W. H., 1996. Influence of thawing rate and fungal infection by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii on freezing injury in red spruce (Picea rebens) needles. Can. J. Forest Res. 6, 918–927.
Mańka K., Mańka M., 1993. Choroby drzew i krzewów leśnych. Ofic. Edyt. „Wyd. Świat”, Warszawa, pp. 86.
Neergard P., 1979. Sedd pathology. The Mac Mollan Press, London, vol 1-2, pp. 384.
Nelson P. E., Toussoun T. A., Marasas W. R. F. O., 1983. Fusarium Species, An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, Univ. Park and London, pp. 192.
Oberhuber W., Thomaser G., Mayr S., Bauer H., Grill G., Havranek W. M., Huttunen S., Guttenberger H., 1999. Radial growth of Norway spruce infected by Chrysomyxa rhododendroni. Phyton Horn 4, 147–154.
Pidopliczko H. M., 1977a. Griby parazity kulturnych rastienji, T 1. Griby sowiersziennyje. Naukowa Dumka, Kijew, pp. 296.
Pidopliczko H. M., 1977b. Griby parazity kulturnych rastienji, T 2. Griby njesowiersziennyje. Naukowa Dumka, Kijew.
Pidopliczko H. M., 1978. Griby parazity kulturnych rastienji, T 3, Piknidialnyje griby. Naukowa Dumka, Kijew, pp. 232.
Polakowska M., 1987. Leśne rośliny zielarskie. PWRiL, Warszawa, pp. 168.
Seneta W., 1987. Dendrologia, część 1. PWN, Warszawa, pp. 296.
Sutton B. C., 1980. The Coelomycetes Fungi Imperfecti whit Pycnidia Acervuli and Stromata. Comm. Mycol. Inst., Kew Surrey, England.
Větvička V., 1990. Atlas drzew i krzewów ozdobnych. Oficyna Wyd. „Delta W-Z”, Warszawa, pp. 310.
Werner M., Frużyńska-Jóźwiak D., 1999. Zapobieganie nadmiernemu opadaniu igieł świerka srebrnego. Ochr. Rośl. 6, 18–19.
Werner M., Frużyńska-Jóźwiak D., Andrzejak R., 2001. The study of the causal agents of massive needle fall in blue spruce. Rocz. Akad. Roln. w Poznaniu, 339, Ogrodnictwo 34, 149–154.
Westcott C., 1971. Plant disease handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, Cincinnati, Toronto, London, Melbourne, pp. 844.
Agricultural University in Cracow
Agricultural University in Cracow
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
