Abstract
Rye reveals strong effect of heterosis. Hybrid cultivars allow exploiting of this effect in a much more efficient manner than population cultivars. In breeding of hybrid cultivars, the cytoplasmic male sterility system (CMS) is commonly used. The aim of this study was to compare restoration of male fertility in two CMS systems in rye (CMS-C and CMS-P) by eight populations originating from Iran and Argentina. In the three-year field trials, the male fertility of F1 hybrids was assessed. Maternal components of studied hybrids comprised of two male sterile versions of the inbred line 541 (with cytoplasm P and C). Five populations from Iran and three from Argentina were used as pollinating parents. Assessment of male fertility was performed visually according to the 9-step scale by Geiger and Morgenstern. Male fertility of hybrids was divergent depending on the source of CMS and pollinating population. However, it can be stated generally, that populations from Iran compared to those from Argentina, were more efficient in the restoration of male fertility in CMS-P, but less effective when CMS-C was present.
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