Ocena strat przechowalniczych bulw nowych odmian ziemniaka w zależności od zróżnicowanych warunków pogodowych w okresie wegetacji

Abstract

The research was carried out at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Jadwisin Branch in two storage seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The aim of the experiment was to assess the amount of storage losses of potato tubers shaped under the influence of various weather conditions during the growing season. The research covered 9 new edible varieties (Bohun, Impresja, Lady Rosetta, Lawenda, Madeleine, Magnolia, Lech, Mazur, Otolia) and 3 starch varieties (Mieszko, Szyper, Widawa). The varieties were grown on light soil in two growing seasons: wet (2017) and dry (2018). The assessment of losses caused by natural defects, the development of diseases and the growth of sprouts was carried out after 6 months of storing the tubers in the chamber at 5°C and 90–92% humidity. The genetic properties of the varieties and the weather conditions, rainfall and air temperature varied over the years had a highly significant impact on all types of storage losses. After the wet vegetation period, losses caused by natural losses of tubers after storage amounted to 6.42%, diseases caused 7.64% and tuber sprouting 0.13%. After the dry growing season, natural losses of tubers after storage increased by 1.42%, losses due to sprouting by 0.67%, and disease infestation decreased by 5.31%. After a dry growing season, the lowest storage losses were found for tubers of var. Madeleine and the highest for var. Widawa. After the wet growing season, the Bohun variety showed the lowest storage losses, and the greatest losses were found for the Szyper variety. The best degree of storability in the research years was found for the varieties: Bohun, Magnolia and Mazur.