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Agronomy Science Baner text

Vol. 80 No. 4 (2025)

Articles

Obtaining and characterizing of Aegilops triuncialis L. × Triticum aestivum L. hybrids

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2025.5576
Submitted: July 28, 2025
Published: 31.12.2025

Abstract

Field crosses were performed between Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n = 4x = 28, UUCC genomes) and the common wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD genomes) Begra, Monopol, Nawra, and Zyta. The aim of the crosses was to expand the genetic variability of common wheat. The interbreeding ability of tested genotypes under field conditions ranged from 7.14% (Ae. triuncialis × Zyta) to 13.33% (Ae. triuncialis × Monopol). Hybrid kernels were formed only when the maternal form was Ae. triuncialis. From obtained 22 F1 hybrid kernels, 19 embryos were isolated in vitro and plated on MS medium supplemented with 10 mg dm–3 IAA (β-indolyl-3-acetic acid) and 0.04 mg dm–3 kinetin. F1 embryos developed into 15 seedlings in vitro. After 4 weeks, the hybrid seedlings were transplanted into pots and placed in a growth chamber. Then, in mid-September, they were planted out in the experimental field next to the parental components. Chromosome number of the hybrids were assessed on smear preparations of meristematic cells from the seedling root tips. During the growing season, immature spikes were collected from the leaf sheaths of the hybrid plants for meiosis analysis. Cytological analysis revealed abnormalities in the microsporogenesis process of the hybrids, which resulted in the development of non-viable pollen. Some spikes of the F1 hybrids were castrated and back-pollinated with wheat pollen. The F1 hybrids were also propagated in vitro by placing 100 fragments of immature inflorescences in each cross combination on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg dm–3 2.4-D (2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Five R1 plants in the Ae. triuncialis L. × T. aestivum L. Zyta combination were regenerated from callus produced by the explants. At the full maturity stage, biometric traits such as general tillering, main shoot length, diameter of the second internode from the bottom, length of the main spike rachis, main spike density and main spike fertility were measured on F1 and R1 hybrid plants. The hybrids were characterized by intermediate tillering (15.0–41.0 stems) compared to their parental forms, a diameter of the second internode from the bottom (2.1–2.9 mm), a dense main spike (14.6–17.5), shorter stems (43.0–48.3 cm) and spike rachis (0.55–0.68 dm), and sterile spikes.

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