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Artykuły

Changes in segetal flora in a selected habitat of southern Poland from 1993 to 2022. Part 2. Anthropogenic transformations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2026.5662
Przesłane: 30 January 2026
Opublikowane: 18.08.2026

Abstrakt

The study aimed to assess changes in the degree and direction of segetal flora transformation under anthropogenic impacts in cereal crops within a selected habitat (Małopolska voivodship; southern Poland) from 1993 to 2022. The research material comprised 65 phytosociological relevés collected over selected years of the analysed period. Changes in the proportion of species representing different geographical-historical groups were assessed using applicable anthropogenic transformation indices, namely: synanthropisation, anthropophytisa-tion, archaeophytisation, kenophytisation, and modernisation. The flora of the study area was strongly trans-formed anthropogenically, as indicated by the high and steadily increasing value of the synanthropisation index, which reached 100.0% in 2022, compared with 89.3% in 1993. Alien species (anthropophytes) dominated the weed flora of the investigated crops over native species (spontaneophytes). The anthropophytisation index amounted to 53.6% in the first year of the study and increased to 60.0% in the last year. The number of archaeo-phytes remained relatively stable, with the archaeophytisation index decreasing slightly from 48.2% in 1993 to 47.3% in 2022. In the early years of the study, the proportion of kenophytes in the flora of the research area was low; however, their importance increased over time. This trend is reflected in the doubling of the kenophytisation index (from 5.4% in 1993 to 12.7% in 2022) as well as in the modernisation index (from 10.0% in 1993 to 21.2% in 2022).

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