Agronomy Science, przyrodniczy lublin, czasopisma up, czasopisma uniwersytet przyrodniczy lublin
Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 72 No. 3 (2017)

Articles

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the seed yield and the content and quality of fat in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2017.3.7
Submitted: January 4, 2019
Published: 2017-10-30

Abstract

Pot marigold seeds contain oil with a specific composition (presence of calendic acid); hence, they can be used as an alternative oil raw material. In 2011–2013, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg N∙ha-1) on the seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid composition in four pot marigold cultivars. Nitrogen fertilization exerted a positive effect on the number of flower heads and seed yield. However, the response of marigold cultivars to nitrogen doses applied varied, i.e. the yield of the ‘Tokaj’ and ‘Radio’ cultivars was significantly increased up to the dose of 60 kg N∙ha-1, whereas such an increase was noted in the ‘Orange King’ and ‘Persimmon Beauty’ cultivars at the dose of 90 kg N∙ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization modified the content of fat: the low nitrogen doses (30 kg N∙ha-1) did not influence the fat content in the seeds, whereas the increasing doses resulted in its gradual decline. The cultivars were characterised by significant differences in plant morphology, seed yield, and fat quality. During the three-year period, the highest seed and fat yields were determined for the ‘Orange King’ cultivar (1857.3 and 339.3 kg·ha-1, respectively) and the highest proportion of calendic acid in the oil (54.86%) was detected in the ‘Persimmon Beauty’ cultivar. The yield and quality of marigold oil depended on both nitrogen fertilization and the weather conditions prevailing during the growing seasons. The increase in the nitrogen doses was accompanied by an increase in the content of linoleic acid and a decrease in the level of oleic acid. The cooler and wetter growing season in 2011 turned out to promote the highest fat and calendic acid accumulation.

References

  1. Ahmad I., Jabeen N., Ziaf K., Dole J.M., Khan M.A. S., Bakhtawar M.A., 2017. Macronutrient application affects morphological, physiological, and seed yield attributes of Calendula officinalis L. Can. J. Plant Sci. April. DOI: 10.1139/CJPS-2016-0301.
  2. AOCS (American Oil Chemists Society), 1997. Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids. 452 Official Method Ce 2–66. Champaign (IL): AOCS Press.
  3. Biermann U., Butte W., Holtgrefe R., Feder W., Metzger J.O., 2010. Esters of calendula oil and tung oil as reactive diluents for alkyd resins. Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. Tech. 112, 103–109.
  4. Biesiada A., Sokół-Łętowska A., Kucharska A., Wołoszczak E., 2006. Wpływ formy i dawki azotu na plonowanie i skład chemiczny koszyczków nagietka (Calendula officinalis L.) Folia Hort. 18, supl.1, 61–65.
  5. Breemhaar H.G., Bouman A., 1995. Harvesting and cleaning Calendula officinalis, a new arable oilseed crop for industrial application. Ind. Crop. Prod. 4(4), 255–260.
  6. Cahoon E.B., Ripp K.G., Hall S.E., Kinney A.J., 2001. Formation of conjugated ∆8, ∆10-double bonds by ∆12-oleic-acid desaturase-related enzymes - Biosynthetic origin of calendic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 2637–2643.
  7. Chauhan A., Kumar V., 2007. Effect of graded levels of nitrogen and VAM on growth and flowering in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) J. Orn. Hort. 10(1), 61–63.
  8. Cromack H.T.H., Smith J.M., 1998. Calendula officinalis – production potential and crop agronomy in southern England. Ind. Crop. Prod. 7, 223–229.
  9. Dordas C.A., 2010. Variation of physiological determinants of yield in linseed in response to nitrogen fertilization. Ind. Crop. Prod. 31(3), 455–465.
  10. Dulf F.V., Pamfil D., Baciu A.D., Pintea A., 2013. Fatty acid composition of lipids in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) seed genotypes. Chem. Cent. J. 7–8.
  11. Forcella F., Papiernik S.K., Gesch R.W., 2012. Postemergence herbicides for calendula. Weed Technol. 26(3), 566–569.
  12. Froment M., Mastebroek D., van Gorp K., 2003. A growers manual for Calendula officinalis L. Plant Research International, Wageningen, 11.
  13. Gesch R.W., 2013. Growth and yield response of calendula (Calendula officinalis) to sowing date in the northern US. Ind. Crop. Prod. 45, 248–252.
  14. Jiang Y., Caldwell C.D., Falk K.C., 2014. Camelina seed quality in response to applied nitrogen, genotype and environment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94(5), 971–980.
  15. Johnson J.M., Gesch R.W., 2013. Calendula and camelina response to nitrogen fertility. Ind. Crop. Prod. 43, 684–691.
  16. Kotecki A., Malarz W., Kozak M., 2001. Wpływ nawożenia azotem na rozwój i plonowanie pięciu odmian rzepaku jarego. Rośliny Oleiste – Oliseed Crops, 22(1), 69–80.
  17. Król B., 2011. Yield and the chemical composition of flower heads of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L. cv. Orange King) depending on nitrogen fertilization. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 10(2), 235–243.
  18. Król B., Paszko T., Król A., 2016. Conjugated linolenic acid content in seeds of some pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars grown in Poland. Farmacia, 64(6), 881–886.
  19. Król B., Paszko T., 2017. Harvest date as a factor affecting crop yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of the seeds of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars. Ind. Crop. Prod. 97, 242–251.
  20. Li Q., Wang H., Ye S.H., Xiao S., Xie Y.P., Liu X., Wang J.H., 2013. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of invasion in choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells by α-calendic acid and β-calendic acid. Prostag. Leukotr. Ess. 89, 367–376.
  21. Martin R.J., Porter N.G., Deo B., 2005. Initial studies on seed oil composition of calendula and lunaria. Agron. N. Z. 35, 129–137.
  22. Mili R., Sable A.S., 2003. Effect of planting density and nitrogen levels on growth and flower production of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Indian. J. Hortic. 60(4), 343–345.
  23. Muley B.P., Khadabadi S.S., Banarase N.B., 2009. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): a review. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 8(5), 455–465.
  24. Pisulewska E., Lorenc-Kozik A., Borowiec F., 1999. Wpływ zróżnicowanego nawożenia azotem na plon, zawartość oraz skład kwasów tłuszczowych w nasionach dwóch odmian soi. Rośliny Oleiste – Oliseed Crops, 20(2), 511–520.
  25. Rathke G., Behrens T., Diepenbrock W., 2006. Integrated nitrogen management strategies to im-prove seed yield, oil content and nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a review. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 117, 80–108.
  26. Samoon S.A., Kirad K.S., 2013. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed yield parameters of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) var. Touch of Red Mixture. Prog. Hortic. 45(1), 149–151.
  27. Szwejkowska B., Bielski S., 2012. Effect of nitrogen and magnesium fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(2), 41–148.
  28. Urbaniak S.D., Caldwell C.D., Zheljazkov V.D., Lada R., Luan L., 2008. The effect of cultivar and applied nitrogen on the performance of Camelina sativa L. in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88(1), 111–119.
  29. Wielebski F., Wójtowicz M., 1998. Reakcja odmian rzepaku ozimego na wzrastające dawki azotu na glebach żytnich w Zielęcinie. Rośliny Oleiste – Oilseed Crops, 19(2), 507–514
  30. Wielebski F., 2011. Wpływ nawożenia siarką w warunkach stosowania zróżnicowanych dawek azotu na skład chemiczny nasion różnych typów odmian rzepaku ozimego. Rośliny Oleiste – Oilseed Crops, 32(1), 79–95.
  31. Wilen R.W., Barl B., Slinkard A.E., Bandara M.S., 2004. Feasibility of cultivation calendula as a dual purpose industrial oilseed and medicinal crop. Acta Horticulturae 629, 199–206.
  32. Zanetti F., Monti A., Berti M.T., 2013. Challenges and opportunities for new industrial oilseed crops in EU-27. A review. Ind. Crop. Prod. 50, 580–595.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >> 

Similar Articles

<< < 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.