PROPAGATION OF ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED Sternbergia lutea WITH A HIGH ORNAMENTAL VALUE BY BULB CHIPPING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Farzad Nazari

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2019)

Articles

PROPAGATION OF ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED Sternbergia lutea WITH A HIGH ORNAMENTAL VALUE BY BULB CHIPPING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Farzad Nazari⁺⁻

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Submitted: April 15, 2019
Published: 2019-04-15

Abstract

Autumn daffodil (Sternbergia lutea) is a rare and endangered bulbous plant with yellow flowers grown naturally in Iran and unfortunately for different reasons this plant is at the risk of eradication. Natural multiplication rate of S. lutea is low, thus propagation by chipping method is one inexpensive and simple way to overcome this problem. This research was therefore performed to investigate the propagation method in two experiments. In the first experiment, the effects of some plant growth regulators (PGRs) on induction and regeneration of bulblets from bulb chips (propagules) were evaluated. The propagules were prepared by chipping method and treated with indole butyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA₃), benzyl adenine (BA), kinetin (Kin) and cycocel (CCC) at 100 and 200 mg L^–1 concentrations for 2 h and then incubated for two months at 20 ±1°C. At the end of incubation, the results showed the highest percentage of concurrent bulblet + root regeneration (CBRR), number and fresh weight of bulblets related to 100 mg L^–1 GA₃. The highest percentage of only bulblet regeneration (OBR), only root regeneration (ORR) and non-regeneration were obtained at 200 mg L^–1 IBA, 100 mg L^–1Kin and control (distillated water: DW) treatments, respectively. In the second experiment, the bulblets that had rooted from each treatment of the first experiment were planted and the produced bulbs were compared. The results indicated that the highest percentage of bulblet sprouting, bulb number and diameter were found at 100 mg L^–1 GA₃. Therefore, the application of GA₃with mentioned concentration is appropriate for vegetative propagation of this plant by bulb chipping.

References

Aksu, E., Celikel, F.G. (2003). The effect of initial bulb size on snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook. f) bulb propagation by chipping. Acta Hortic., 598, 69–71.
Arslan, N., Gurbuz, B., Gurnuscu, A., Ozcan, S., Minci, S., Khawar, K.M. (2002). Cultivation of Stenbergio fischeriana Herbert Rupr. and a study on its morphological characteristic. Pak. J. Bot., 4, 411–418.
Ascough, G.D., Erwin, J.E., Van Staden, J. (2008). Reduced temperature, elevated sucrose, continuous light and gibberellic acid promote corm formation in Watsonia vanderspuyiae. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult., 95, 275–283.
Bach, A., Sochacki, D. (2013). Propagation of ornamental geophytes. Physiology and management system. In: Ornamental Geophytes From Basic Science to Sustainable Production, Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (eds.). Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, US, pp. 261–286.
Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A., Blasi, C. (eds.). (2005). An Annotated Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora. Palombi Editore, Roma.
De Hertogh, A., Le Nard, M. (1993). The Physiology of Flowering Bulbs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Dharmasena, P.A.I.U., Karunananda, D.P., Eeswara, J.P. (2011). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and sugar on in vitro cormlet formation, multiplication and ex vitro sprouting of Gladiolus hybrida Variety Princess Lee. Trop. Agri. Res., 23, 1–10.
Farahmand, H., Khosh-Khui, M. (2006). Effect of growth regulators on propagation of two Narcissus L. populations through twin-scaling and chipping. Irn. J. Hort. Sci. Technol., 7, 169–180 (in Persian with English summary).
Farahmand, H., Nazari, F. (2015). Environmental and anthropogenic pressures on geophytes of Iran and the possible protection strategies: A review. Intel. J. Hort. Sci. Technol., 2, 111–132.
Fenlon, J.S., Jones, S.K., Hanks, G.R., Langton, F.A. (1990). Bulb yield from Narcissus chipping and twin-scaling. J. Hort. Sci., 65, 441–450.
Flint, G.J. (1981). Three quick ways to bulk up. Grower, 95, 45 and 47–48.
Flint, G.J., Alderson, P.G. (1986). Narcissus propagation by chipping: effects of a range of plant growth regulators on bulbil yield and length. Acta. Hort., 177, 315–322.
Gurbuz, B., Khawar, K.M., Arslan, N., Ipek, A., Sarıhan, E.O., Ozcan, S., Parmaksız, I., Mirici, S. (2009). Adaptation of endemic Mediterranean Sternbergia candida Mathew et T. Baytop in the continental climate of Central Anatolia. Scientia Hort., 123, 99–103.
Hanks, G.R., Rees, R. (1977). Growth regulator treatment to improve the yield of twin-scaled Narcissus. Sci. Hort., 6, 237–240.
Harvey, B.M.R., Selby, C. (1997). Micropropagation of Narcissus (Daffodils). In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Bajaj, Y.P.S. (ed.), vol. 40. High-Tech and Micropropagation, vol. 6. Springer, Berlin, 225–251.
Jin, Z. (2013). Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium alkaloids. Nat. Prod. Rep., 30, 849–868.
Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (2013). Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
Khodorova, N.V., Boitel-Conti, M. (2013). The role of temperature in the growth and flowering of geophytes. Plants, 2, 699–711.
Knippels, P.J.M. (2013). Advanced in vivo propagation techniques for specialty bulbs. In: Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology, Advances and Topical Issues, Teixera da Silva, J.A. (ed.). Global Science Books Ltd., London, UK., 154–157.
Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Tang, G. (2005). Quick propagation of bulb-scale of Lycoris radiate. J. Nanjing For. Univ. Nat. Sci. Edn., 29, 103–105.
Mazhari, N. (2004). Flora of Iran (Ixioliriaceae and Amaryllidaceae), Nos. 46 and 47. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
Naseri, A., Nazari, F., Rostami Bourojeni, M. (2019). Investigation the cold requirement of autumn daffodil (Sternbergia lutea) and the effect of bulb size on its growth, development and flowering. J. Crop Prod. Proc., 9, 23–37 (in Persian with English summary).
Oleyede, K.G., Oke, M.J., Raji, Y., Olugbade, T. (2010). Antioxidant and anticonvulsant alkaloids in Crinum ornatum bulb extract. World J. Chem., 5, 26–31.
Rees, A.R. (1992). Ornamental Bulbs, Corms and Tubers. C.A.B. International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
Sener, B., Orhan, I., Satayavivad, J. (2003). Antimalarial activity screening of some alkaloids and the plant extracts from Amaryllidaceae. Phytother. Res., 17, 1220–1223.
Seyidoglu, N., Zencirkiran, M. (2008). Vegetative propagation of Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker-Gawl. Ex Sprengel (winter daffodil) by chipping techniques. J. Biol. Sci., 8, 966–969.
Heuvel, K.J.P.T., van den, Barendse, G.W.M., Wullems, G.J. (2001). Effect of gibberellic acid on cell division and cell elongation in anthers of the gibberellin deficient gib-1 mutant of tomato. Plant Biol., 3, 124–131.
Vreeburg, P.J.M. (1986). Chipping of Narcissus bulbs: a quick way to obtain large numbers of small round bulbs. Acta Hort., 177, 579–584.
Zencirkiran, M., Tumsavas, Z. (2006). Effect of bulb circumference on bulb yield and bulblet formation capacity of Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. Ex Sprengel (winter daffodil). Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9, 2366–2368.
Zhu, Y., Liu K.S. (2003). Effect of temperatures on bulblet formation from chipping in Hippeastrum hybridum. J. Chni. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 49, 343–351.

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Keywords

autumn daffodil
regeneration
bulb
chipping
plant growth regulators

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[1] Aksu, E., Celikel, F.G. (2003). The effect of initial bulb size on snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook. f) bulb propagation by chipping. Acta Hortic., 598, 69–71.

[2] Arslan, N., Gurbuz, B., Gurnuscu, A., Ozcan, S., Minci, S., Khawar, K.M. (2002). Cultivation of Stenbergio fischeriana Herbert Rupr. and a study on its morphological characteristic. Pak. J. Bot., 4, 411–418.

[3] Ascough, G.D., Erwin, J.E., Van Staden, J. (2008). Reduced temperature, elevated sucrose, continuous light and gibberellic acid promote corm formation in Watsonia vanderspuyiae. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult., 95, 275–283.

[4] Bach, A., Sochacki, D. (2013). Propagation of ornamental geophytes. Physiology and management system. In: Ornamental Geophytes From Basic Science to Sustainable Production, Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (eds.). Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, US, pp. 261–286.

[5] Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A., Blasi, C. (eds.). (2005). An Annotated Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora. Palombi Editore, Roma.

[6] De Hertogh, A., Le Nard, M. (1993). The Physiology of Flowering Bulbs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

[7] Dharmasena, P.A.I.U., Karunananda, D.P., Eeswara, J.P. (2011). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and sugar on in vitro cormlet formation, multiplication and ex vitro sprouting of Gladiolus hybrida Variety Princess Lee. Trop. Agri. Res., 23, 1–10.

[8] Farahmand, H., Khosh-Khui, M. (2006). Effect of growth regulators on propagation of two Narcissus L. populations through twin-scaling and chipping. Irn. J. Hort. Sci. Technol., 7, 169–180 (in Persian with English summary).

[9] Farahmand, H., Nazari, F. (2015). Environmental and anthropogenic pressures on geophytes of Iran and the possible protection strategies: A review. Intel. J. Hort. Sci. Technol., 2, 111–132.

[10] Fenlon, J.S., Jones, S.K., Hanks, G.R., Langton, F.A. (1990). Bulb yield from Narcissus chipping and twin-scaling. J. Hort. Sci., 65, 441–450.

[11] Flint, G.J. (1981). Three quick ways to bulk up. Grower, 95, 45 and 47–48.

[12] Flint, G.J., Alderson, P.G. (1986). Narcissus propagation by chipping: effects of a range of plant growth regulators on bulbil yield and length. Acta. Hort., 177, 315–322.

[13] Gurbuz, B., Khawar, K.M., Arslan, N., Ipek, A., Sarıhan, E.O., Ozcan, S., Parmaksız, I., Mirici, S. (2009). Adaptation of endemic Mediterranean Sternbergia candida Mathew et T. Baytop in the continental climate of Central Anatolia. Scientia Hort., 123, 99–103.

[14] Hanks, G.R., Rees, R. (1977). Growth regulator treatment to improve the yield of twin-scaled Narcissus. Sci. Hort., 6, 237–240.

[15] Harvey, B.M.R., Selby, C. (1997). Micropropagation of Narcissus (Daffodils). In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Bajaj, Y.P.S. (ed.), vol. 40. High-Tech and Micropropagation, vol. 6. Springer, Berlin, 225–251.

[16] Jin, Z. (2013). Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium alkaloids. Nat. Prod. Rep., 30, 849–868.

[17] Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (2013). Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.

[18] Khodorova, N.V., Boitel-Conti, M. (2013). The role of temperature in the growth and flowering of geophytes. Plants, 2, 699–711.

[19] Knippels, P.J.M. (2013). Advanced in vivo propagation techniques for specialty bulbs. In: Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology, Advances and Topical Issues, Teixera da Silva, J.A. (ed.). Global Science Books Ltd., London, UK., 154–157.

[20] Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Tang, G. (2005). Quick propagation of bulb-scale of Lycoris radiate. J. Nanjing For. Univ. Nat. Sci. Edn., 29, 103–105.

[21] Mazhari, N. (2004). Flora of Iran (Ixioliriaceae and Amaryllidaceae), Nos. 46 and 47. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.

[22] Naseri, A., Nazari, F., Rostami Bourojeni, M. (2019). Investigation the cold requirement of autumn daffodil (Sternbergia lutea) and the effect of bulb size on its growth, development and flowering. J. Crop Prod. Proc., 9, 23–37 (in Persian with English summary).

[23] Oleyede, K.G., Oke, M.J., Raji, Y., Olugbade, T. (2010). Antioxidant and anticonvulsant alkaloids in Crinum ornatum bulb extract. World J. Chem., 5, 26–31.

[24] Rees, A.R. (1992). Ornamental Bulbs, Corms and Tubers. C.A.B. International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.

[25] Sener, B., Orhan, I., Satayavivad, J. (2003). Antimalarial activity screening of some alkaloids and the plant extracts from Amaryllidaceae. Phytother. Res., 17, 1220–1223.

[26] Seyidoglu, N., Zencirkiran, M. (2008). Vegetative propagation of Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker-Gawl. Ex Sprengel (winter daffodil) by chipping techniques. J. Biol. Sci., 8, 966–969.

[27] Heuvel, K.J.P.T., van den, Barendse, G.W.M., Wullems, G.J. (2001). Effect of gibberellic acid on cell division and cell elongation in anthers of the gibberellin deficient gib-1 mutant of tomato. Plant Biol., 3, 124–131.

[28] Vreeburg, P.J.M. (1986). Chipping of Narcissus bulbs: a quick way to obtain large numbers of small round bulbs. Acta Hort., 177, 579–584.

[29] Zencirkiran, M., Tumsavas, Z. (2006). Effect of bulb circumference on bulb yield and bulblet formation capacity of Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. Ex Sprengel (winter daffodil). Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9, 2366–2368.

[30] Zhu, Y., Liu K.S. (2003). Effect of temperatures on bulblet formation from chipping in Hippeastrum hybridum. J. Chni. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 49, 343–351.