THE PHENOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SELECTED GENOTYPES OF WILD PEAR [Pyrus pyraster (L.) Du Roi] IMPORTANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GENERATIVE ROOTSTOCKS

Šebek T. Gordana

doi:10.24326/asphc.2019.2.13

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2019)

Articles

THE PHENOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SELECTED GENOTYPES OF WILD PEAR [Pyrus pyraster (L.) Du Roi] IMPORTANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GENERATIVE ROOTSTOCKS

Šebek T. Gordana⁺⁻

PDF

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.2.13
Submitted: 15 April 2019
Published: 15.04.2019

Abstract

The aim of this work is to produce the generative rootstocks for the wild pears, which will be of moderate denseness. The initial material is the population of wild pear in the area of Polimlje. The study focused on few segments. Very first one included recording of the phenological traits – first flowering, full flowering, end of flowering and harvest period. The other segment comprised pomological features, i.e. physical [fruit weight (g), fruit size (mm), mass of dry seed (g), and number of seed in 1 kg of the fruit]. Seeds from 9 selected genotypes of wild pears were planted in the nursery and raised seedlings were evaluated for nursery characteristics: germination, seedling vigor, uniformidty and branching. Raised seedlings were used as rootstocks for scion cultivar ‘Grand Champion’. The most important benefit of this study is the fact that the parent trees, the seeds of which provide the best morphological and physiological characteristics for the production of generative rootstocks, were found and favored (in situ). Results of this research show that the rapid growth and uniformity of scions depend on the genetic characteristics of generative rootstocks of selected genotypes of wild pears, such as: plant height, stem diameter (corpulence), branching and uniformity. The selected genotypes, especially ‘Genotype 11’, proved to be the best for mountainous areas of the north of Montenegro, higher altitudes and poorer types of soil. The ‘Genotype 11’ is suggested as the best option for the production of generative rootstocks due to its small vigour level.

References

Adamic, F. (1936). Pomology of Yugoslavia. Zadruzna knjiga, Beograd.
Allendorf, F.W., Leary, R.F., Spruell, P., Wenburg, J.K. (2001). The problems with hybrids: setting conservation guidelines. Trends Ecol. Evol., 16, 613–622.
Antkowiack, W., Cedro, A., Prajs, B., Wolko, Ł., Michalak, M. (2012). Success of wild pear Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. in colonization of steep sunny slopes: an interdisciplinary study in the Bielinek Reserve (NW Poland). Pol. J. Ecol., 60(1), 57–78.
Bell, R.L., Itai, A. (2011). Pyrus. In: Wild Crop Relatives. Genomic and Breeding Resources. Temperate Fruits, Kole, C. (ed.), Springer Verlag, Berlin–Heidelberg, 147–178.
Brown, A.G. (1966). New Fruit from Old. Fruit Present and Future. Royal Hort. Soc., London, 10–24.
Bulatović, S. (1972). Rod Pyrus L. In: Flora SR Srbije, vol. 4. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, 133–134.
Dengler, A. (1992). Die einheimischen Laubbaumarten Mitteleuropas. In: Waldbau auf ökologischer Grundlage. Paul Parey, Hamburg, 189–190.
Đurić, G., Žabić, M., Rodić, M., Stanivuković, S., Bosančić, B., Pašalić, B. (2015). Biochemical and pomological assesment of European pear accessions from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hortic. Sci., 42(4), 176–184.
Grosser, D. (1999). Das Holz des Birnbaums – Seine Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Beiträge zur Wildbirne. Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Freising, 34–39.
Hofmann, H. (1993). Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Wildbirne (Pyrus communis L.) in Süd-Niedersachsen und Nordhessen sowie ihrer Abgrenzung von verwilderten Kulturbirnen (P. domestica Med.). Mitt. Dtsch Dendrol. Ges., 81, 27–69.
Hussain, S., Masud, T., Ali, S., Bano, R., Ali, A. (2013). Some physico-chemical attributes of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars grown in Pakistan. Int. J. Biosci., 3(12), 206–215.
Janick, J. (2005). The origins of fruits, fruits growing and fruit breeding. Plant Breed. Rev., 25, 255–321.
Jovančević, R. (1980). Dinamika cvetanja sorti krušaka u uslovima Polimlja. Jugosl. voćar., 53/54(3–4), 191–198.
Kleinschmit, J., Stephan, R. (1997). Wild fruit trees (Prunus avium, Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster). Report of the second meeting of Noble Hardwoods Network, 51–57.
Kleinschmit, J., Stephan, R., Wagner, I. (1998). Wild fruit trees (Prunus avium, Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster) genetic resources conservation strategy. In: Noble Hardwoods EUFORGEN. Available at: www.bioversityinternation-al.org
Mayer, H. (1992). Baumarten des kollinen Eichenmisch- waldes. In: Waldbau auf soziologisch-ökologischer Grundlage. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 120–121.
Milovankić, M. (1980). Pomologija. Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad.
Milošević, T. (1997). Specijalno voćarstvo. Agronomski fakultet Čačak.
Mišić, P.D. (1984). Fruit rootstocks. Nolit, Beograd, YU.
Monstat. (2012). Statistical Yearbook of Montenegro. Statistical Office, Montenegro.
Neri, D., Urbinati, C., Savini, G., Sanchioni, A. (2005). Age determination and tree-ring growth dynamic in old tree of Pyrus communis ‘Angelica’. Acta Hortic. 671, 9th Inter. Pear Symp., 623–629.
Oliveira, C.M., Mota, M., Monte-Corvo, L., Goulao, L., Silva, D.M. (1999). Molecular typing of Pyrus based on RAPD markers. Sci. Hortic., 79, 163–174.
Paganová, V. (2009). The occurrence and morphological characteristics of the wild pear lower taxa in Slovakia. Hortic. Sci., 36(1), 1–13.
Rehder, A. (1940). Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs. Mac Millan, New York, 389–399.
Rhymer, J.M., Simberloff, D. (1996). Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27, 83–109.
Rudloff, C.F., Schmidt, M. (1953). Investigations on number of seeds and fruit weight and their mutual relations in certain apple varieties. Züchter, 23, 44–61. From Plant Breed. Abstr., 23, 459–460.
Šebek, G. (2010). Mogućnost korišćenja autohtonih sorti za organske krušike. Zbornik radova Prve međuna rodne konferencja zdrave, ekološke i organske proizvodnje hrane Bio Planet BOOK, Zlatibor (Srbija), 131–140.
Šebek, G., Kovačević, V. (2014). Compatibility and vigour of seedling for autochtonous peer in the region of north Montenegro. Genetika, 46(1), 277–286.
Selimovska, A., Miskoska-Milevska, E., Najdenovska, O., Canev, I. (2015). Fruit characteristics of some traditi onal pear varietes in the Prespa region. Acta Agric. Serb., 20(40), 107–115.
Senser, F., Scherzo, H., Munchen, G. (1999). Tablas de composicion de alimentos, 2nd ed. Editorial Acribia, Zaragosa.
Slovic, D. (1953). Organization of nurseries and fruit seedling production. Zadruzna knjiga, Beograd.
Stampar, K. (1966). Opce vocarstvo. I deo, Zagreb.
Stančević, A. (1980). Kruška. Nolit, Beograd.
Stanković, D. (1955). General fruit growing, part I, Biological and ecological characteristics of fruit production. Naučna knjiga, Beograd.
Stanković, D., Jovanović, M. (1987). General fruit growing. IRO Gradjevinska knjiga, Beograd, YU.
Stephan, B.R., Wagner, I., Kleinschmit, J. (2003). EUROFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for wild apple and pear (Mauls sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster). International Plant GeneticResources Institute, Rome, Italy, 6 pp.
Terpo, A. (1985), Studies on taxonomy and grouping of Pyrus species. Feddes Repert., 96, 73–87.
Turkin, A.V. (1954). Ispoljzovanje dikorastućih plodovo-jabolćnih i orehoplodnih rastenj. Selhozgiz, Moscow.
Türk, W. (1999). Wildbirne (P. pyraster) und Wildapfel (M. sylvestris) als Bestandteil einheimischer Gehölzgesellschaften. Beiträge zur Wildbirne. Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Freising, 9–15.
Thibault, B., Watkins, R., Smith, R.A. (1983). Pear descriptors. CEC, Brussels, International Board of Plant Genetic Resources, Rome.
Wilhelm, G.J. (1998). Beobachtungen zur Wildbirne. AFZ Wald, 53(16), 856–859.

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[1] Adamic, F. (1936). Pomology of Yugoslavia. Zadruzna knjiga, Beograd.

[2] Allendorf, F.W., Leary, R.F., Spruell, P., Wenburg, J.K. (2001). The problems with hybrids: setting conservation guidelines. Trends Ecol. Evol., 16, 613–622.

[3] Antkowiack, W., Cedro, A., Prajs, B., Wolko, Ł., Michalak, M. (2012). Success of wild pear Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. in colonization of steep sunny slopes: an interdisciplinary study in the Bielinek Reserve (NW Poland). Pol. J. Ecol., 60(1), 57–78.

[4] Bell, R.L., Itai, A. (2011). Pyrus. In: Wild Crop Relatives. Genomic and Breeding Resources. Temperate Fruits, Kole, C. (ed.), Springer Verlag, Berlin–Heidelberg, 147–178.

[5] Brown, A.G. (1966). New Fruit from Old. Fruit Present and Future. Royal Hort. Soc., London, 10–24.

[6] Bulatović, S. (1972). Rod Pyrus L. In: Flora SR Srbije, vol. 4. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, 133–134.

[7] Dengler, A. (1992). Die einheimischen Laubbaumarten Mitteleuropas. In: Waldbau auf ökologischer Grundlage. Paul Parey, Hamburg, 189–190.

[8] Đurić, G., Žabić, M., Rodić, M., Stanivuković, S., Bosančić, B., Pašalić, B. (2015). Biochemical and pomological assesment of European pear accessions from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hortic. Sci., 42(4), 176–184.

[9] Grosser, D. (1999). Das Holz des Birnbaums – Seine Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Beiträge zur Wildbirne. Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Freising, 34–39.

[10] Hofmann, H. (1993). Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Wildbirne (Pyrus communis L.) in Süd-Niedersachsen und Nordhessen sowie ihrer Abgrenzung von verwilderten Kulturbirnen (P. domestica Med.). Mitt. Dtsch Dendrol. Ges., 81, 27–69.

[11] Hussain, S., Masud, T., Ali, S., Bano, R., Ali, A. (2013). Some physico-chemical attributes of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars grown in Pakistan. Int. J. Biosci., 3(12), 206–215.

[12] Janick, J. (2005). The origins of fruits, fruits growing and fruit breeding. Plant Breed. Rev., 25, 255–321.

[13] Jovančević, R. (1980). Dinamika cvetanja sorti krušaka u uslovima Polimlja. Jugosl. voćar., 53/54(3–4), 191–198.

[14] Kleinschmit, J., Stephan, R. (1997). Wild fruit trees (Prunus avium, Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster). Report of the second meeting of Noble Hardwoods Network, 51–57.

[15] Kleinschmit, J., Stephan, R., Wagner, I. (1998). Wild fruit trees (Prunus avium, Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster) genetic resources conservation strategy. In: Noble Hardwoods EUFORGEN. Available at: www.bioversityinternation-al.org

[16] Mayer, H. (1992). Baumarten des kollinen Eichenmisch- waldes. In: Waldbau auf soziologisch-ökologischer Grundlage. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 120–121.

[17] Milovankić, M. (1980). Pomologija. Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad.

[18] Milošević, T. (1997). Specijalno voćarstvo. Agronomski fakultet Čačak.

[19] Mišić, P.D. (1984). Fruit rootstocks. Nolit, Beograd, YU.

[20] Monstat. (2012). Statistical Yearbook of Montenegro. Statistical Office, Montenegro.

[21] Neri, D., Urbinati, C., Savini, G., Sanchioni, A. (2005). Age determination and tree-ring growth dynamic in old tree of Pyrus communis ‘Angelica’. Acta Hortic. 671, 9th Inter. Pear Symp., 623–629.

[22] Oliveira, C.M., Mota, M., Monte-Corvo, L., Goulao, L., Silva, D.M. (1999). Molecular typing of Pyrus based on RAPD markers. Sci. Hortic., 79, 163–174.

[23] Paganová, V. (2009). The occurrence and morphological characteristics of the wild pear lower taxa in Slovakia. Hortic. Sci., 36(1), 1–13.

[24] Rehder, A. (1940). Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs. Mac Millan, New York, 389–399.

[25] Rhymer, J.M., Simberloff, D. (1996). Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27, 83–109.

[26] Rudloff, C.F., Schmidt, M. (1953). Investigations on number of seeds and fruit weight and their mutual relations in certain apple varieties. Züchter, 23, 44–61. From Plant Breed. Abstr., 23, 459–460.

[27] Šebek, G. (2010). Mogućnost korišćenja autohtonih sorti za organske krušike. Zbornik radova Prve međuna rodne konferencja zdrave, ekološke i organske proizvodnje hrane Bio Planet BOOK, Zlatibor (Srbija), 131–140.

[28] Šebek, G., Kovačević, V. (2014). Compatibility and vigour of seedling for autochtonous peer in the region of north Montenegro. Genetika, 46(1), 277–286.

[29] Selimovska, A., Miskoska-Milevska, E., Najdenovska, O., Canev, I. (2015). Fruit characteristics of some traditi onal pear varietes in the Prespa region. Acta Agric. Serb., 20(40), 107–115.

[30] Senser, F., Scherzo, H., Munchen, G. (1999). Tablas de composicion de alimentos, 2nd ed. Editorial Acribia, Zaragosa.

[31] Slovic, D. (1953). Organization of nurseries and fruit seedling production. Zadruzna knjiga, Beograd.

[32] Stampar, K. (1966). Opce vocarstvo. I deo, Zagreb.

[33] Stančević, A. (1980). Kruška. Nolit, Beograd.

[34] Stanković, D. (1955). General fruit growing, part I, Biological and ecological characteristics of fruit production. Naučna knjiga, Beograd.

[35] Stanković, D., Jovanović, M. (1987). General fruit growing. IRO Gradjevinska knjiga, Beograd, YU.

[36] Stephan, B.R., Wagner, I., Kleinschmit, J. (2003). EUROFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for wild apple and pear (Mauls sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster). International Plant GeneticResources Institute, Rome, Italy, 6 pp.

[37] Terpo, A. (1985), Studies on taxonomy and grouping of Pyrus species. Feddes Repert., 96, 73–87.

[38] Turkin, A.V. (1954). Ispoljzovanje dikorastućih plodovo-jabolćnih i orehoplodnih rastenj. Selhozgiz, Moscow.

[39] Türk, W. (1999). Wildbirne (P. pyraster) und Wildapfel (M. sylvestris) als Bestandteil einheimischer Gehölzgesellschaften. Beiträge zur Wildbirne. Bayrische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Freising, 9–15.

[40] Thibault, B., Watkins, R., Smith, R.A. (1983). Pear descriptors. CEC, Brussels, International Board of Plant Genetic Resources, Rome.

[41] Wilhelm, G.J. (1998). Beobachtungen zur Wildbirne. AFZ Wald, 53(16), 856–859.