SILICON  NUTRITION  IN  ALLEVIATING  SALT  STRESS  IN  APPLE  PLANT

Servet Aras

doi:10.24326/asphc.2020.1.1

Tom 19 Nr 1 (2020)

Artykuły

SILICON NUTRITION IN ALLEVIATING SALT STRESS IN APPLE PLANT

Servet Aras⁺⁻

PDF (English)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.1.1
Przesłane: 5 lutego 2020
Opublikowane: 2020-02-21

Abstrakt

Salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that adversely affect fruit yield and quality. Thus, finding an effective way of ameliorating salinity damage is important for sustainable fruit production. Silicon (Si) treatment effectively counteracts the effects of many abiotic stress factors such as salinity, drought, cold, iron deficiency. To probe into the potential alleviating salinity malignant effects, we investigated the protective roles of Si. An apple plant (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. ‘Fuji’ grafted on M9 clonal rootstock was chosen for the experiment and imposed to salinity stress for 4 months with 35 mM NaCl. Si with different three doses (0.5, 1 ve 2 mM) was applied to the roots of the salt-stressed apple plants except control. Si treatments inhibited apple plants growth depression through increasing stomatal conductivity, chlorophyll and decreasing electrolyte leakage. 0.5 mM Si improved root:shoot dry weight under salinity condition. The lowest values of membrane permeability were found in 0.5 and 2 mM Si treatments (21.45 and 21.55%, respectively) while salt had the highest value (48.43%). Salt exhibited a rapid decrease in stomatal conductivity by 49% compared to the control. We hypothesis that Si treatment contributed to cell walls, involving membrane stabilizing and fortification. Our findings showed that Si increased apple plant tolerance against salinity.

Bibliografia

Ali, A., Basra, S.M., Iqbal, J., Hussain, S., Subhani, M.N., Sarwar, M., Ahmed, M. (2012). Augmenting the salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) through exogenously applied silicon. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11, 642–649.
Aras, S., Arslan, E., Eşitken, A. (2015). Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Lemon Plant Under Salt Stress. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 30 September – 3 October, Konya.
Aras, S., Eşitken, A. (2018). Physiological Responses of Cherry Rootstocks to Short Term Salinity. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60, 161–164.
Beale, S.I. (1999). Enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Photosynth. Res., 60, 43–73.
Bressan, R.A., Nelson, D.E., Iraki, N.M., LaRosa, P.C., Singh, N.K., Hasegawa, P.M., Carpita, N.C. (1990). Reduced cell expansion and changes in cell walls of plant cells adapted to NaCl. In: Environmental Injury to Plants, Katterman, F. (ed.). Academic Press, San Diego, 137–171.
Chen, W., Yao, X., Cai, K., Chen, J. (2011). Silicon alleviates drought stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 142, 67–76.
Chinnusamy, V., Jagendorf, A., Zhu, J.K. (2005). Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Sci., 45, 437–48.
Dehghanipoodeh, S., Ghobadi, C., Baninasab, B., Gheysari, M., Bidabadi, S.S. (2016). Effects of potassium silicate and nanosilica on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of a commercial strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. ‘Camarosa’). J. Plant Nutr., 39, 502–507.
Del Amor, F., Marcelis, L.F.M. (2003). Regulation of nutrient uptake, water uptake and growth under calcium starvation and recovery. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 7, 343–349.
El-Desouky, S.A., Atawia, A.A.R. (1998). Growth performance of some citrus rootstocks under saline conditions. Alex. J. Agric. Res., 43, 231–254.
Erturk, U., Sivritepe, N., Yerlikaya, C., Bor, M., Ozdemir, F., Turkan, I. (2007). Responses of the cherry rootstock to salinity in vitro. Biol. Plant., 51, 597–600.
Fu, M., Li, C., Ma, F. (2013). Physiological responses and tolerance to NaCl stress in different biotypes of Malus prunifolia. Euphytica, 189, 101–109.
Gong, H.J., Chen, K.M., Chen, G.C., Wang, S.M., Zhang, C.L. (2003). Effects of silicon on growth of wheat under drought. J. Plant Nutr., 26(5), 1055–1063.
Guntzer, F., Keller, C., Meunier, J.D. (2012). Benefits of plant silicon for crops: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 32, 201–213.
Haghighi, M., Pessarakli, M. (2013). Influence of silicon and nano-silicon on salinity tolerance of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at early growth stage. Sci. Hortic., 161, 111–117.
Hashemi, A., Abdolzadeh, A., Sadeghipour, H.R. (2010). Beneficial effects of silicon nutrition in alleviating salinity stress in hydroponically grown canola, Brassica napus L., plants. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 56, 244–253.
Lacerda, C.F. de, Cambraia, J., Oliva, M.A., Ruiz, H.A. (2005). Changes in growth and in solute concentrations in sorghum leaves and roots during salt stress recovery. Environ. Exp. Bot., 54, 69–76.
Levitt J. (1980). Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses: Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses. Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, 365–402.
Liang, Y., Chen, Q.I.N., Liu, Q., Zhang, W., Ding, R. (2003). Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J. Plant Physiol., 160, 1157–1164.
Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann. Bot., 78, 389–398.
Maas E.V. (1986). Salt tolerance in plants. Appl. Plant Sci., 1, 12–26.
Marschner, H., Kirkby, E.A., Cakmak, I. (1996). Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients. J. Exp. Bot., 47(Special Issue), 1255–1263.
Martinez-Beltran, J., Manzur, C.L. (2005). Overview of salinity problems in the world and FAO strategies to address the problem. Proceedings of the International Salinity Forum, Riverside, California, April 2005, 311–313.
Massai, R., Remorini, D., Tattini, M. (2004). Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two sci-on/rootstock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Plant Soil., 259, 153–162.
Pavlovic, J., Samardzic, J., Maksimović, V., Timotijevic, G., Stevic, N., Laursen, K.H., Hansen, T.H., Husted, S., Schjoerring, J.K., Liang, Y., Nikolic, M. (2013). Silicon alleviates iron deficiency in cucumber by promoting mobilization of iron in the root apoplast. New Phytol., 198, 1096–1107.
Pessarakli, M., Szabolcs, I. (2010). Soil salinity and sodicity as particular plant/crop stress factors. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Pessarakli, M. (ed.), 3rd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3–21.
Romero-Aranda, M.R., Jurado, O., Cuartero, J. (2006). Silicon alleviates the deleterious salt effect on tomato plant growth by improving plant water status. J. Plant Physiol., 163, 847–855.
Santos, C.V. (2004). Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Sci. Hortic., 103, 93–99.
Savvas, D., Ntatsi, G. (2015). Biostimulant activity of silicon in horticulture. Sci. Hortic., 196, 66–81.
Shetty, K.G., Hetrick, B.A.D., Schwab, A.P. (1995). Effects of mycorrhizae and fertilizer amendments on zinc tolerance of plants. Environ. Pollut., 88, 307–314.
Smart R.E, Bingham G.E. (1974). Rapid estimates of relative water content. Plant Physiol., 53, 258–260.
Tavallali, V., Rahemi, M., Panahi, B. (2008). Calcium induces salinity tolerance in pistachio rootstocks. Fruits, 63, 285–296.
Trenholm, L.E., Datnoff, L.E., Nagata, R.T. (2004). Influence of silicon on drought and shade tolerance of St. Augustinegrass. HortTechnology, 14, 487–490.
Tuna, A.L., Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Murillo-Amador, B., Aydemir, S., Girgin, A.R. (2008). Silicon improves salinity tolerance in wheat plants. Environ. Exp. Bot., 62, 10–16.
Wahome P.K., Jesch H.H., Grittner, I. (2001). Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in two rose rootstocks: Rosa chinensis ‘Major’ and R. rubiginosa. Sci. Hortic., 87, 207–216.
Yin, R., Bai, T., Ma, F., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yue, Z. (2010). Physiological responses and relative tolerance by Chinese apple rootstocks to NaCl stress. Sci. Hortic., 126, 247–252.
Zhang, W., Yu, X., Li, M., Lang, D., Zhang, X., Xie, Z. (2018). Silicon promotes growth and root yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under salt and drought stresses through enhancing osmotic adjustment and regulating antioxidant metabolism. Crop Prot., 107, 1–11.
Zhu, J., Liang, Y., Ding, Y., Li, Z. (2006). Effect of silicon on photosynthesis and its related physiological parameters in two winter wheat cultivars under cold stress. Zhongguo nongye kexue, 39, 1780–1788.
Zhu, Y., Gong, H. (2014). Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance inplants. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 34, 455–472.
Zhu, Z., Wei, G., Li, J., Qian, Q., Yu, J. (2004). Silicon alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Sci., 167, 527–533.
Zrig, A., Mohamed, H.B., Tounekti, T., Khemira, H., Serrano, M., Valero, D., Vadel, A.M. (2016). Effect of rootstock on salinity tolerance of sweet almond (cv. Mazzetto). S. Afr. J. Bot., 102, 50–59.
Zuccarini, P. (2008). Effects of silicon on photosynthesis, water relations andnutrient uptake of Phaseolus vulgaris under NaCl stress. Biol. Plantar., 52, 157–160.

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Słowa kluczowe

calcium silicate
Malus
silicon
physiology

Prawa autorskie

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[1] Ali, A., Basra, S.M., Iqbal, J., Hussain, S., Subhani, M.N., Sarwar, M., Ahmed, M. (2012). Augmenting the salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) through exogenously applied silicon. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11, 642–649.

[2] Aras, S., Arslan, E., Eşitken, A. (2015). Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Lemon Plant Under Salt Stress. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 30 September – 3 October, Konya.

[3] Aras, S., Eşitken, A. (2018). Physiological Responses of Cherry Rootstocks to Short Term Salinity. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60, 161–164.

[4] Beale, S.I. (1999). Enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Photosynth. Res., 60, 43–73.

[5] Bressan, R.A., Nelson, D.E., Iraki, N.M., LaRosa, P.C., Singh, N.K., Hasegawa, P.M., Carpita, N.C. (1990). Reduced cell expansion and changes in cell walls of plant cells adapted to NaCl. In: Environmental Injury to Plants, Katterman, F. (ed.). Academic Press, San Diego, 137–171.

[6] Chen, W., Yao, X., Cai, K., Chen, J. (2011). Silicon alleviates drought stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 142, 67–76.

[7] Chinnusamy, V., Jagendorf, A., Zhu, J.K. (2005). Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Sci., 45, 437–48.

[8] Dehghanipoodeh, S., Ghobadi, C., Baninasab, B., Gheysari, M., Bidabadi, S.S. (2016). Effects of potassium silicate and nanosilica on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of a commercial strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. ‘Camarosa’). J. Plant Nutr., 39, 502–507.

[9] Del Amor, F., Marcelis, L.F.M. (2003). Regulation of nutrient uptake, water uptake and growth under calcium starvation and recovery. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 7, 343–349.

[10] El-Desouky, S.A., Atawia, A.A.R. (1998). Growth performance of some citrus rootstocks under saline conditions. Alex. J. Agric. Res., 43, 231–254.

[11] Erturk, U., Sivritepe, N., Yerlikaya, C., Bor, M., Ozdemir, F., Turkan, I. (2007). Responses of the cherry rootstock to salinity in vitro. Biol. Plant., 51, 597–600.

[12] Fu, M., Li, C., Ma, F. (2013). Physiological responses and tolerance to NaCl stress in different biotypes of Malus prunifolia. Euphytica, 189, 101–109.

[13] Gong, H.J., Chen, K.M., Chen, G.C., Wang, S.M., Zhang, C.L. (2003). Effects of silicon on growth of wheat under drought. J. Plant Nutr., 26(5), 1055–1063.

[14] Guntzer, F., Keller, C., Meunier, J.D. (2012). Benefits of plant silicon for crops: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 32, 201–213.

[15] Haghighi, M., Pessarakli, M. (2013). Influence of silicon and nano-silicon on salinity tolerance of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at early growth stage. Sci. Hortic., 161, 111–117.

[16] Hashemi, A., Abdolzadeh, A., Sadeghipour, H.R. (2010). Beneficial effects of silicon nutrition in alleviating salinity stress in hydroponically grown canola, Brassica napus L., plants. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 56, 244–253.

[17] Lacerda, C.F. de, Cambraia, J., Oliva, M.A., Ruiz, H.A. (2005). Changes in growth and in solute concentrations in sorghum leaves and roots during salt stress recovery. Environ. Exp. Bot., 54, 69–76.

[18] Levitt J. (1980). Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses: Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses. Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, 365–402.

[19] Liang, Y., Chen, Q.I.N., Liu, Q., Zhang, W., Ding, R. (2003). Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J. Plant Physiol., 160, 1157–1164.

[20] Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann. Bot., 78, 389–398.

[21] Maas E.V. (1986). Salt tolerance in plants. Appl. Plant Sci., 1, 12–26.

[22] Marschner, H., Kirkby, E.A., Cakmak, I. (1996). Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients. J. Exp. Bot., 47(Special Issue), 1255–1263.

[23] Martinez-Beltran, J., Manzur, C.L. (2005). Overview of salinity problems in the world and FAO strategies to address the problem. Proceedings of the International Salinity Forum, Riverside, California, April 2005, 311–313.

[24] Massai, R., Remorini, D., Tattini, M. (2004). Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two sci-on/rootstock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Plant Soil., 259, 153–162.

[25] Pavlovic, J., Samardzic, J., Maksimović, V., Timotijevic, G., Stevic, N., Laursen, K.H., Hansen, T.H., Husted, S., Schjoerring, J.K., Liang, Y., Nikolic, M. (2013). Silicon alleviates iron deficiency in cucumber by promoting mobilization of iron in the root apoplast. New Phytol., 198, 1096–1107.

[26] Pessarakli, M., Szabolcs, I. (2010). Soil salinity and sodicity as particular plant/crop stress factors. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, Pessarakli, M. (ed.), 3rd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3–21.

[27] Romero-Aranda, M.R., Jurado, O., Cuartero, J. (2006). Silicon alleviates the deleterious salt effect on tomato plant growth by improving plant water status. J. Plant Physiol., 163, 847–855.

[28] Santos, C.V. (2004). Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Sci. Hortic., 103, 93–99.

[29] Savvas, D., Ntatsi, G. (2015). Biostimulant activity of silicon in horticulture. Sci. Hortic., 196, 66–81.

[30] Shetty, K.G., Hetrick, B.A.D., Schwab, A.P. (1995). Effects of mycorrhizae and fertilizer amendments on zinc tolerance of plants. Environ. Pollut., 88, 307–314.

[31] Smart R.E, Bingham G.E. (1974). Rapid estimates of relative water content. Plant Physiol., 53, 258–260.

[32] Tavallali, V., Rahemi, M., Panahi, B. (2008). Calcium induces salinity tolerance in pistachio rootstocks. Fruits, 63, 285–296.

[33] Trenholm, L.E., Datnoff, L.E., Nagata, R.T. (2004). Influence of silicon on drought and shade tolerance of St. Augustinegrass. HortTechnology, 14, 487–490.

[34] Tuna, A.L., Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Murillo-Amador, B., Aydemir, S., Girgin, A.R. (2008). Silicon improves salinity tolerance in wheat plants. Environ. Exp. Bot., 62, 10–16.

[35] Wahome P.K., Jesch H.H., Grittner, I. (2001). Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in two rose rootstocks: Rosa chinensis ‘Major’ and R. rubiginosa. Sci. Hortic., 87, 207–216.

[36] Yin, R., Bai, T., Ma, F., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yue, Z. (2010). Physiological responses and relative tolerance by Chinese apple rootstocks to NaCl stress. Sci. Hortic., 126, 247–252.

[37] Zhang, W., Yu, X., Li, M., Lang, D., Zhang, X., Xie, Z. (2018). Silicon promotes growth and root yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under salt and drought stresses through enhancing osmotic adjustment and regulating antioxidant metabolism. Crop Prot., 107, 1–11.

[38] Zhu, J., Liang, Y., Ding, Y., Li, Z. (2006). Effect of silicon on photosynthesis and its related physiological parameters in two winter wheat cultivars under cold stress. Zhongguo nongye kexue, 39, 1780–1788.

[39] Zhu, Y., Gong, H. (2014). Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance inplants. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 34, 455–472.

[40] Zhu, Z., Wei, G., Li, J., Qian, Q., Yu, J. (2004). Silicon alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Sci., 167, 527–533.

[41] Zrig, A., Mohamed, H.B., Tounekti, T., Khemira, H., Serrano, M., Valero, D., Vadel, A.M. (2016). Effect of rootstock on salinity tolerance of sweet almond (cv. Mazzetto). S. Afr. J. Bot., 102, 50–59.

[42] Zuccarini, P. (2008). Effects of silicon on photosynthesis, water relations andnutrient uptake of Phaseolus vulgaris under NaCl stress. Biol. Plantar., 52, 157–160.