Modyfikacje genetyczne szansą na poprawę najważniejszych cech jakościowych roślin zbożowych. Praca przeglądowa
KAROLINA DUDZIAK
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 LublinMICHAŁ NOWAK
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 LublinKRZYSZTOF KOWALCZYK
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 LublinAbstrakt
Postęp w zakresie transformacji zbóż, jaki miał miejsce przez ostatnie dwie dekady, ma ogromne znaczenie dla nauki oraz rolnictwa. Dotychczas w transformacji zbóż posługiwano się głównie technikami bezwektorowymi, przede wszystkim bezpośrednią metodą transferu genów, tzw. strzelbą genową (gene gun). Osiągnięcia z zakresu agrobiotechnologii umożliwiły transformację zbóż przy użyciu bakterii glebowej Agrobacterium tumefaciens, która do niedawna nie była wykorzystywane w doświadczeniach na zbożach, gdyż rośliny jednoliścienne nie stanowią dla niej organizmu gospodarza i nie wykazują objawów choroby guzowatości korzenia przez nią powodowanej. Obecnie pięć gatunków zbóż o największym znaczeniu gospodarczym – ryż (Oryza sativa L.), kukurydza (Zea mays L.), pszenica (Triticum aestivum L.), jęczmień (Hordeum vulgare L.) i sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L.) – jest powszechnie poddawanych transformacji z udziałem A. tumefaciens. Wykorzystanie narzędzi genetyki molekularnej pozwala na uzyskanie zbóż o nowych, polepszonych cechach. W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na możliwości rozwoju rolnictwa poprzez wdrażanie genetycznie zmodyfikowanych zbóż odpornych na stresy biotyczne i abiotyczne oraz podsumowano najważniejsze osiągnięcia ostatnich lat z zakresu transformacji zbóż.
Słowa kluczowe:
transformacje, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, zboża, tolerancja na stresy, genetycznie modyfikowane zbożaBibliografia
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Edgerton M.D., Fridgen J., Anderson J.R., Ahlgrim J., Criswell M., Dhungana P., Stark S.B., 2012. Transgenic insect resistance traits increase corn yield and yield stability. Nat. Biotechnol. 30 (6), 493–496.
Fahim M., Millar A.A., Wood C.C., Larkin P.J., 2012. Resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus generated by expression of an artificial polycistronic microRNA in wheat. Plant Biotechnol. J. 10 (2), 150–163.
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13010–13015.
Gao C.-S., Kou X.-J., Li H.-P., Zhang J.-B., Saad A.S.I., Liao Y.-C., 2013. Inverse effects of Arabidopsis NPR1 gene on fusarium seedling blight and fusarium head blight in transgenic wheat. Plant Pathol. 62 (2), 383–392.
Gómez-Galera S., Sudhaka D., Pelacho A.M., Capell T., Christou P., 2012. Constitutive expression of a barley Fe phytosiderophore transporter increases alkaline soil tolerance and results in iron partitioning between vegetative and storage tissues under stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem. (Paris) 53, 46–53.
Graves A.F., Goldman S.L., 1986. The transformation of Zea mays seedlings with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Mol. Biol. 7, 43–50.
Hackenberg M., Shi B.-J., Gustafson P., Langridge P., 2012. A transgenic transcription factor (TaDREB3) in barley affects the expression of microRNAs and other small non-coding RNAs. PloS One, 7 (8), e42030.
Haegele J.W., Below F.E., 2013. Transgenic corn rootworm protection increases grain yield and nitrogen use of maize. Crop Sci. 53 (2), 585.
Han J., Lakshman D.K., Galvez L.C., Mitra S., Baenziger P.S., Mitra A., 2012. Transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum. BMC Plant Biol. 12 (1), 33.
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KAROLINA DUDZIAK
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin
MICHAŁ NOWAK
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin
KRZYSZTOF KOWALCZYK
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin
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Autor podpisuje oświadczenie o oryginalności dzieła, wkładzie poszczególnych osób i źródle finansowania.
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Czasopismo Agronomy Science przyjęło politykę samoarchiwizacji nazwaną przez bazę Sherpa Romeo drogą niebieską. Od 2021 r. autorzy mogą samoarchiwizować postprinty artykułów oraz wersje wydawnicze (zgodnie z licencją CC BY). Artykuły z lat wcześniejszych (udostępniane na licencji CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) mogą być samoarchiwizowane tylko w wersji wydawniczej.
