Abstrakt
Postęp w zakresie transformacji zbóż, jaki miał miejsce przez ostatnie dwie dekady, ma ogromne znaczenie dla nauki oraz rolnictwa. Dotychczas w transformacji zbóż posługiwano się głównie technikami bezwektorowymi, przede wszystkim bezpośrednią metodą transferu genów, tzw. strzelbą genową (gene gun). Osiągnięcia z zakresu agrobiotechnologii umożliwiły transformację zbóż przy użyciu bakterii glebowej Agrobacterium tumefaciens, która do niedawna nie była wykorzystywane w doświadczeniach na zbożach, gdyż rośliny jednoliścienne nie stanowią dla niej organizmu gospodarza i nie wykazują objawów choroby guzowatości korzenia przez nią powodowanej. Obecnie pięć gatunków zbóż o największym znaczeniu gospodarczym – ryż (Oryza sativa L.), kukurydza (Zea mays L.), pszenica (Triticum aestivum L.), jęczmień (Hordeum vulgare L.) i sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L.) – jest powszechnie poddawanych transformacji z udziałem A. tumefaciens. Wykorzystanie narzędzi genetyki molekularnej pozwala na uzyskanie zbóż o nowych, polepszonych cechach. W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na możliwości rozwoju rolnictwa poprzez wdrażanie genetycznie zmodyfikowanych zbóż odpornych na stresy biotyczne i abiotyczne oraz podsumowano najważniejsze osiągnięcia ostatnich lat z zakresu transformacji zbóż.
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