EFFECT OF NATURAL FERTILIZATION AND THE TYPE OF SUBSTRATE ON THE BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE THYME HERB (Thymus vulgaris L.)
Natalia Skubij
University of Life Sciences in LublinKatarzyna Dzida
University of Life Sciences in LublinAbstract
One of the oldest medicinal plants in the world is thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). On the biological value of this plant is affected by biotic and abiotic conditions, which include fertilizers and soil type. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of organic fertilization and the type of substrate on the biological value of the thyme herb. Plants were grown in a greenhouse in a different type substrates: peat and peat + sand, using varying amounts of manure 10, 20, 30 g·dm-3 of substrate. In the obtaining raw material was determined the content of essential oil, dry matter, L-ascorbic acid, total nitrogen and proteins. There was a significant increase in the N-total and protein contents in thyme herb after application of increasing doses of examined manure independently of the test substrate. Applied natural fertilization and type of substrate did not affect significantly the content of essential oil in Thymus vulgaris L. herb. The highest content of L-ascorbic acid
and dry matter was obtained for thyme after application of the lowest dose of manure, regardless of the substrate used.
Keywords:
essential oil, protein, L-ascorbic acid, nitrogen, manure, medicinal plantReferences
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Hudaib, M., Speroni, E., Di Pietra, A.M., Cavrini, V. (2002). GC/MS evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 29, 691–700.
Imelouane, B., Amhamdi, H., Wathelet, J.P., Ankit, M., Khedid K., El Bachiri, A. 2009: Chemical composition of the essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) from Eastern Morocco. Internat. J. Agric. Biol., 11(2), 205–208.
Jabbari, R., Dehaghi, M.A., Sanami, A.M., Agami, K. (2011). Nitrogen and iron fertilization methods affecting Essentials oil and chemical composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) medical plant. Adv. Environ. Biol., 5, 2, 433–438.
Kaplan, M., Kocabas, I., Sonmez, I., Kalkan, H. (2009). The effects of different organic manure applications on the dry weight and the essential oil quantity of sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.). Acta Hort., 826, 147–152.
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Kazimierczak, R., Hallmann, E., Kazimierczyk, M., Rembiałkowska, E. (2010). Antioxidants content in chosen spice plants from organic and conventional cultivation. J. Res. Appl. Agric. Eng., 55, 3, 164–170.
Kazimierczak, R., Hallmann, E., Sokołowska, O., Rembiałkowska, E. (2011). Bioactive substances content in selected species of medical plants from organic and conventional production. J. Res. Appl. Agric. Eng., 56, 3, 200–205.
Kemppainen, R., Avikainen, H., Herranen, M., Reinikainen, O., Tahvonen, R. (2004). Plant bioassay for substrates. Acta Hort., 644, 211–215.
Khalid, K.A., Shafei, A.M., (2005). Productivity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as influenced by different organic manure rates and sources. Arab. Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13, 3, 901–913.
Khalid, Kh.A., Yassen, A.A., Zaghloul, S.M., (2006). Effect of soil solarization and cattle manure on the growth, essential oil and chemical composition of Calendula officinalis L. plants. J. Appl. Sci. Res., 2, 3, 142–152.
Lakis, Z., Mihele, D., Nicorescu, I., Vulturescu, V., Udeanu, D.J. (2012). The antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum syriacum essential oils on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Farmacia, 60, 6, 857–865.
Lawrencet, B.M. (2001). Essential oils: from agriculture to chemistry. Int. J. Arom., 10, 3/4, 82–98.
Marculescu, A., Sand, C., Barbu, C., Babit, H.D., Hanganu, D., (2002). Possibilities of influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of the active principals in Chrysanthemum balsamita L. Specie. Roum.-Biotech. Lett., 7, 1, 577–548.
Marzec, M., Polakowski, C., Chilczuk, R., Kolodziej, B. (2010). Evaluation of essential oil content, its chemical composition and price of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) raw material available in Poland. Herba Pol., 56, 3, 37–52.
Mewes, S., Krüger, H., Pank, F. (2008). Physiological, morphological, chemical and genomic diversities of different origins of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Gen. Res. Crop Evol., 55, 8, 1303–1311.
Miguel, G., Simoes, M., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G., Carvalho, L. (2004). Composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Thymus caespititius, Thymus camphorates and Thymus mastichina. Food Chem., 86, 183–188.
Mikio, Y., Taeko, U. (1962). Biosynthesis of thymol. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 10, 71–72.
Mohamed, A.A., Ahmed, M.E. (2003). A comparative study on the effect of sugarcane filter mud, sheep and chicken manures used for fertilization of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, L.). Minia J. Agric. Res. Dev., 22, 3, 221–234.
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Natalia Skubij
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Katarzyna Dzida
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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