ROLE OF 22S, 23S-HOMOBRASSINOLIDE AND GA3 ON FRUIT QUALITY OF ‘0900 ZIRAAT’ SWEET CHERRY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Hakan Engin
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, TurkeyZeliha Gökbayrak
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, TurkeyMustafa Sakaldaş
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, TurkeyFatmanur Uslu Duran
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, TurkeyAbstract
Acquiring high quality in sweet cherry production is of great importance. Plant growth regulators have been used to increase yield and quality in the production of sweet cherries. Brassinosteroids, a relatively new group of plant growth regulators, have been found with interesting results on plant growth and development. This research was carried out to evaluate the role of brassinosteroids and gibberellins in development of fruit quality and occurrence of physiological disorders in ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide were applied with a sprayer at full bloom and at the beginning of fruit development for a 2-year period. GA3 was applied in concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg l-1 and 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide was applied in concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg l-1. A combined application of 100 mg l-1 GA3 + 0.1 mg l-1 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide was also applied. Plant growth regulator applications mainly caused an increase in fruit weight and flesh to seed ration, and a decrease in fruit length. The effect was mainly due to gibberellin. Both Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were affected by the hormones and the seasons. Neither growth regulators had an influ-ence on occurrence of the physiological disorders. They were at a lesser level in the second seasons.
Keywords:
Brassinosteroid, gibberellins, Prunus avium, quality, disorderReferences
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Yokota, T. (1997). The structure, biosynthesis abd function of brassinosteroids. Trends Plant Sci., 2(4), 137–143.
Yu, J.Q., Huang, L.F., Hu, W.H., Zhou, Y.H., Mao, W.H., Ye, S.F., Nogues, S. (2004). A role for brassinosteroids in the regulation of photosynthesis in Cucumis sativus. J. Exp. Bot., 55, 1135–1143.
Zeman, S., Čmelik, Z., Jemrić, T. (2012). Size and weight of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. ‘Regina’) fruit treated with 3,5,6-TPA and GA3. Agric. Conspec. Sci., 77(1), 45–47. Zeman, S., Jemrić, T., Čmelik, Z., Fruk, G., Bujan, M., Tompić, T. (2013). The effect of climatic conditions on sweet cherry fruit treated with plant growth regulators. J. Food Agric. Environ., 11(2), 524–528. Zilkah, S., David, I., Rotbaum, A., Faingersh, E., Lurie, S., Weksler, A. (2008). Effect of plant growth regulators on extending the marketing season of sweet cherry. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 795, 699–702.
Bhat, Z.A., Reddy, Y.N., Srihari, D., Bhat, J.A., Rashid, R., Rather, J.A. (2011). New generation growth regulators – brassinosteroids and CPPU improve bunch and berry characteristics in ‘Tas-A-Ganesh’Grape. Internat. J. Fruit Sci., 11(4), 309–315.
Canli, F.A., Orhan, H. (2009). Effects of preharvest gibberellic acid applications on fruit quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry. Horttechnology, 19(1), 127–129. Chai, Y.M., Zhang, Q., Tian, L., Li, C.L., Xing, Y., Qin, L. (2013). Brassinosteroid is involved in strawberry fruit ripening. Plant Growth Reg., 69, 63–69
Choi, C., Wiersma, P.A., Toivonen, P., Kappel, F. (2002). Fruit growth, firmness and cell wall hydrolytic enzyme activity during development of sweet cherry fruit treated with gibberellic acid (GA3). J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 77, 615–621.
Cline, J.A., Trought, M. (2007). Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries. Can. J. Plant Sci., 87, 545–550.
Einhorn, T.C., Wang, Y., Turner, J. (2013). Sweet cherry fruit firmness and postharvest quality of late-maturing cultivars are improved with low-rate, single applications of gibberellic acid. HortScience, 48(8), 1010–1017.
Engin, H., Şen, F., Pamuk, G., Gökbayrak, Z. (2009). Investigation of physiological disorders and fruit quality of sweet cherry. Eur. J. Hortic. Sci., 74(3), 118–123.
Facteau, T.J., Rowe, K.E., Chestnut, N.E. (1989). Flowering in sweet cherry in response to application of gibberellic acid. Sci. Hort., 38(4), 239–245.
Gomes, M.M.A., Compostrini, E., Leal, N.R., Viana, A.P., Ferraz, T.M., Siqueira, L.D., Rosa, R.C., Netto, A.T., Nunez-Vazquez, M., Zullo, M.A. (2006). Brassinosteroid analogue effects on the yield of yellow passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Sci Hort., 110, 235–240.
Horvitz, S., López Camelo, A.F., Yommi, A., Godoy, C. (2003). Application of gibberellic acid to ‘Sweetheart’ sweet cherries: effects on fruit quality at harvest and during cold storage. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 628, 311–316.
Huang, J.H., Huang, L. (2005). The application of GA3 in citrus orchards. South China Fruits, 3, 32–36. İşçi, B., Gökbayrak, Z. (2015). Influence of brassinosteroids on fruit yield and quality of table grape cv. ‘Alphonse Lavalleé’. Vitis, 54, 17–19.
Kappel, F., MacDonald, R.A. (2002). Gibberellic acid increases fruit firmness, fruit size, and delays maturity of ‘Sweetheart’ sweet cherry. J. Am. Pomol. Soc., 56, 219–222.
Looney, E.N. (1983). Growth regulator use in the production of Prunus species. In: plant growth regulation chemicals, Nickell, L.G. (ed.). CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, 27–41.
Nguyen, M.T., Yen, C.R. (2013). Effect of gibberellic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on fruit development and fruit quality of waxapple. World Acad. Sci. Engin. Technol., 77, 302–305.
Özkaya, O., Dündar, Ö., Küden, A. (2006). Effect of preharvest gibberellic acid treatments on postharvest quality of sweet cherry. J. Food Agric. Environ., 4, 189–191.
Rasmussen, K., Grauslund, J. (1983). Growth regulators on fruit trees. VI. The effect of gibberellin and auxin on fruit set and fruit of cherries. Tidsskrift Planteavl, 87, 605–616.
Sekse, L., Bjerke, K.L., Vangdal, E. (2005). Fruit cracking in sweet cherries – an integrated ap-proach. Acta Hort., 667, 471–474.
Simon, G. (2006). Review on rain induced fruit cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.), its causes and possibilities of prevention. Internat. J. Horticult. Sci., 12(3), 27–35.
Swamy, K.N., Rao, S.S.R. (2008). Influence of 28-homobrassinolide on growth, photosynthesis metabolite and essential oil content of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens (L.) Herit). Am. J. Plant Physiol., 3, 173–174.
Symons, G.M., Davies, C., Shavrukov, Y., Dry, I.B., Reid, J.B., Thomas, M.R. (2006). Grapes on steroids. Brassinosteroids are involved in grape berry ripening. Plant Physiol., 140, 150–158.
Tambe, T.B. (2002). Effect of gibbrellic acid in combination with brassinosteroid on berry size, yield and quality of Thompson seedless grapes. J. Maharashtra Agricult. Univ., 27(2), 151–153.
Usenik, V., Kastelec, D., Stampar, F. (2005). Physicochemical changes of sweet cherry fruits related to application of gibberellic acid. Food Chem., 90, 663–671.
Vardhini, B.V., Rao, S.S.R. (2002). Acceleration of ripening of tomato pericarp discs by brassi-nosteroids. Phytochemistry, 61, 843–847. Wani, A.A., Singh, P., Gul, K., Wani, M.H., Langowski, H.C. (2014). Sweet cherry (Prunus avium): Critical factors affecting the composition and shelf life. Food Pack. Shelf Life, 1, 86–99.
Warusavitharana, A.J., Tambe, T.B., Kshirsagar, D.B. (2008). Effect of cytokinins and brassino-steroid with gibberellic acid on yield and quality of Thompson seedless grapes. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 785, 217–224.
Watanabae, T., Noguchi, T., Kuriyama, H., Kadota, M., Takatsuto, S., Kamuro, Y. (1997). Effects of brassinosteroid compound (TS203) on fruit setting, fruit growth, taking roots and cold-resistance. Proc. 8th Symposium Plant Bioregulators. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 463, 267–270.
Whiting, M.D. (2005). Producing premium cherries. Pacific Northwest fruit school cherry shortcourse proceedings, chapter 10, 65–66.
Yokota, T. (1997). The structure, biosynthesis abd function of brassinosteroids. Trends Plant Sci., 2(4), 137–143.
Yu, J.Q., Huang, L.F., Hu, W.H., Zhou, Y.H., Mao, W.H., Ye, S.F., Nogues, S. (2004). A role for brassinosteroids in the regulation of photosynthesis in Cucumis sativus. J. Exp. Bot., 55, 1135–1143.
Zeman, S., Čmelik, Z., Jemrić, T. (2012). Size and weight of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. ‘Regina’) fruit treated with 3,5,6-TPA and GA3. Agric. Conspec. Sci., 77(1), 45–47. Zeman, S., Jemrić, T., Čmelik, Z., Fruk, G., Bujan, M., Tompić, T. (2013). The effect of climatic conditions on sweet cherry fruit treated with plant growth regulators. J. Food Agric. Environ., 11(2), 524–528. Zilkah, S., David, I., Rotbaum, A., Faingersh, E., Lurie, S., Weksler, A. (2008). Effect of plant growth regulators on extending the marketing season of sweet cherry. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 795, 699–702.
Hakan Engin
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Zeliha Gökbayrak
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Mustafa Sakaldaş
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Fatmanur Uslu Duran
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
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