THE INFLUENCE OF BENZYLADENINE AND NAPHTHALENE-1-ACETIC ACID ON ROOTING AND GROWTH OF Fuchsia hybrida CUTTINGS
Katarzyna Wróblewska
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesAbstract
Interaction of auxins and cytokinins affects many aspects of plant development. In root and shoot apical meristems these hormones act antagonistically in order to maintain the balance between the formation of new cells and their differentiation. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of benzyladenine and its cooperation with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on rooting and development of aerial parts of Fuchsia hybrida cuttings and their subsequent growth. Anatomical analysis of rooting process was also undertaken. Cuttings were treated with BA, NAA or BA and NAA together. BA applied by quick-dip method, delayed root initiation and development and negatively affected the number of primordia. Under the influence of BA cell organization took place in meristem of smaller size. Independently on the year of research and way of treatment BA inhibited adventitious root development, even with the use of NAA. BA, regardless of the presence of NAA, stimulated lateral shoot formation on Fuchsia cuttings, applied by spraying, stimulated also shoot elongation. This effect diminished during subsequent development of plants.
Keywords:
auxins, cytokinins, anatomy, adventitious roots, axillary budsReferences
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Syros T., Yupsanis T., Zafiriadis H., Economou A., 2004. Activity and isoforms of peroxidases, lignin and anatomy, during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Ebenus cretica L. J. Plant Physiol. 161, 69–77.
Tanaka M., Takei K., Kojima M., Sakakibara H., Mori H., 2006. Auxin controls local cytokinin biosynthesis in the nodal stem in apical dominance. Plant J. 45, 1028–1036.
Tonon G., Kevers C., Gaspar T., 2001. Changes in polyamines, auxins and peroxidase activity during in vitro rooting of Fraxinus angustifolia shoots, an auxin-independent rooting model. Tree Physiol. 21 (10), 655–663.
Van Staden J., Harty A.R., 1988., Cytokinins and adventitious root formation. In: Adventitious root formation in cuttings, Davies T.D., Haissig B.E., Sankhla N. (eds), Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon, 185–201.
Werner T., Motyka V., Strand M., Schmülling T., 2001. Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 10487–10492.
Werner T., Motyka V., Laucou V., Smets R., Onckelen H., Schmülling, T., 2003. Cytokinindeficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. Plant Cell 15, 2532–2550.
Wróblewska K., Bąbelewski P., 2010. The effect of benzyladenine and naphthalene acetic acid on rooting and subsequent growth of Portulaca umbraticola Kunth. Folia Hort. 22 (2), 39–44.
Beemster G.T.S., Baskin T.I., 2000. Stunted plant 1 mediates effects of cytokinin, but not of auxin, on cell division and expansion in the root of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 124, 1718–1727.
Blazich F.O., 1988. Chemicals and formulations used to promote adventitious rooting. In: Adventitious root formation in cuttings, Davies T.D., Haissig B.E., Sankhla N. (eds), Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon, 132–149.
Bollmark M., Eliasson L., 1986. Effects of exogenous cytokinins on root formation in pea cuttings. Physiol. Plant. 68, 662–666.
De Klerk G.J., Keppel M., Ter Brugge J., Meekes H., 1995. Timing of the phases in adventitious root formation apple microcuttings. J. Exp. Bot. 46, 965–972.
De Klerk G.J., van der Krieken W., de Jong J.C., 1999. Review, The formation of adventitious roots, new concepts, new possibilities. Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 35, 189–199.
Dello Ioio R., Linhares F.S., Scacchi E., Casamitjana-Martinez E., Heidstra R., Costantino P., Sabatini S., 2007. Cytokinins determine Arabidopsis root-meristem size by controlling cell differentiation. Curr. Biol. 17 (8), 678–82.
Doerner P., 2007. Plant meristems: cytokinins – the alpha and omega of the meristem. Curr. Biol. 17 (9), 321–323.
Ermel F.F., Vizoso S., Charpentier J.P., Jay-Allemand C., Catesson A.M., Couée I., 2000. Mechanizm of primordium formation during adventitious development from walnut cotyledon explants. Planta 211, 563–574.
Ford Y.Y., Bonham E.C., Cameron R.W.F., Blake P.S., Judd H.L., Harrison-Murray R.S., 2002. Adventitious rooting, examining the role of auxin in an easy- and a difficult-to-root plant. Plant Growth Regul. 36 (2), 149–159.
Gaspar T., Kevers C., Faivre-Rampant O., Crèvecoeur M., Penel C., Greppin H., Dommes J., 2003. Changing concepts in plant hormone action. Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant. 39, 85–106.
Hall M.S., Hillman J.R., 1975. Correlative inhibition of lateral bud growth in Phaseolus vulgaris L. timing of bud growth following decapitation. Planta 123 (2), 137–143
Koukourikou-Petridou M.A., Bangerth F., 1997. Effect of changing the endogenous concentration of auxins and cytokinins and the production of ethylene in pea stem cuttings on adventitious root formation. Plant Growth Regul. 22, 101–108.
Kyozuka J., 2007. Control of shoot and root meristem function by cytokinin. Curr. Op. Plant Biol. 10, 442–446.
Laplaze, L., Benkova E., Casimiro I., Maes L., Vanneste S., Swarup R., Weijers D., Calvo V., Parizot B., Herrera-Rodriguez M.B., Offringa R., Graham, N., Doumas P., Friml J., Bogusz D., Beeckman T., Bennett M., 2007. Cytokinins act directly on lateral root founder cells to inhibit root initiation. Plant Cell 19, 3889–3900.
Li C., Bangerth F., 2003. Stimulatory effect of cytokinins and interaction with IAA on the release of lateral buds of pea plants from apical dominance. J. Plant Physiol. 160, 1059–1063.
Li S.W., Xue L., Xu S., Feng H., An L., 2009. Mediators, genes and signaling in adventitious rooting. Bot. Rev. 75, 230–247.
Mader, J.C., Turnbull, C.G.N., Emery R.J.N., 2003. Transport and metabolism of xylem cytokinins during lateral bud release in decapitated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seedlings. Physiol. Plant., 117, 118–129.
Mohammed S., 1980. Root formation in pea cuttings, Effects of combined application of auxin and cytokinin at different developmental stages. Biol. Plant. 22 (3), 231–236.
Moubayidin L., Mambro R.D., Sabatini S., 2009. Cytokinin-auxin crosstalk. Trends Plant Sci. 14 (10), 557–562.
Nördstrom A., Tarkowski P., Tarkowska D., Norbeak R., Åstot C., Dolezal K., 2004. Auxin regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: A factor of potential importance for auxin-cytokinin-regulated development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8039–8044.
Ongoro V., Leyser O., 2008. Hormonal control of shoot branching. J. Exp. Bot. 59, 67–74.
Pernisová M., Klíma P., Horák J., Válková M., Malbeck J., Soucek P., Reichman P., Hoyerová K., Dubová J., Friml J., Zazímalová E., Hejátko J., 2009. Cytokinins modulate auxin-induced organogenesis in plants via regulation of the auxin efflux. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106 (9), 3609–3614.
Pijut P.M., Woeste K.E., Michler C.H., 2011. Promotion of adventitious root formation of difficult-to-root hardwood tree species. In: Horticultural, Janick J. (ed). Reviews, 38, 213–251.
Pop T.I., Pamfil D., Bellini C., 2011. Auxin control in the formation of adventitious roots. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj. 39 (1), 307–316.
Rani Debi B., Taketa S., Ichii M., 2005. Cytokinin inhibits lateral root initiation but stimulates lateral root elongation in rice (Oryza sativa). J. Plant Physiol. 162, 507–515.
Rost T.L., Bryant J.A., 1996. Root organization and gene expression patterns. J. Exp. Bot. 47, 1613–1628.
Shimizu-Sato S., Tanaka M., Mori H., 2009. Auxin-cytokinin interactions in the control of shoot branching. Plant Mol. Biol. 69, 429–435.
Strzelecka K., 2006. Adventitious root formation in Fuchsia hybrida cuttings. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 510, 635–643.
Syros T., Yupsanis T., Zafiriadis H., Economou A., 2004. Activity and isoforms of peroxidases, lignin and anatomy, during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Ebenus cretica L. J. Plant Physiol. 161, 69–77.
Tanaka M., Takei K., Kojima M., Sakakibara H., Mori H., 2006. Auxin controls local cytokinin biosynthesis in the nodal stem in apical dominance. Plant J. 45, 1028–1036.
Tonon G., Kevers C., Gaspar T., 2001. Changes in polyamines, auxins and peroxidase activity during in vitro rooting of Fraxinus angustifolia shoots, an auxin-independent rooting model. Tree Physiol. 21 (10), 655–663.
Van Staden J., Harty A.R., 1988., Cytokinins and adventitious root formation. In: Adventitious root formation in cuttings, Davies T.D., Haissig B.E., Sankhla N. (eds), Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon, 185–201.
Werner T., Motyka V., Strand M., Schmülling T., 2001. Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 10487–10492.
Werner T., Motyka V., Laucou V., Smets R., Onckelen H., Schmülling, T., 2003. Cytokinindeficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. Plant Cell 15, 2532–2550.
Wróblewska K., Bąbelewski P., 2010. The effect of benzyladenine and naphthalene acetic acid on rooting and subsequent growth of Portulaca umbraticola Kunth. Folia Hort. 22 (2), 39–44.
Katarzyna Wróblewska
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
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