GERMINATION, VIGOUR AND HEALTH OF PRIMED Allium cepa L. SEEDS AFTER STORAGE
Hanna Dorna
Poznań University of Life SciencesMagdalena Jarosz
Poznań University of Life SciencesDorota Szopińska
Poznań University of Life SciencesIzabela Szulc
Poznań University of Life SciencesAgnieszka Rosińska
Poznań University of Life SciencesAbstract
Priming is one of the most common methods of improving seed quality, which many a time significantly affecting their storability. The influence of two storage temperatures on germination and vigour of hydro- and osmoprimed onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds and the incidence of seed-borne fungi was examined. Seeds cv Wolska were osmoprimed in polyethylene glycol (-1.5 MPa, 15°C, 7 days, darkness) or hydroprimed by addition of water to the seeds (500 μl of distilled water per 1 g of seeds, 20°C, 48 h, darkness). After priming seeds were dried back at 20°C and 45% RH for 48 h. The primed and non-primed onion seeds were stored in air-tight plastic containers for 6 and 12 months at 4 and 20°C. The seed germination, vigour and health tests were performed before and after storage for untreated and treated seeds at 10 and 20°C. The results showed that for maximal seed viability and germination rate after 6 and 12 months storage, both hydro- and osmoprimed
seeds should to be stored at 4°C rather than 20°C. Osmopriming significantly increased seed infestation with Penicillium spp., which remained stable up to 12 months storage. The number of seeds infested with Botrytis spp. significantly decreased after priming and storage, especially at 20°C.
Keywords:
onion, seed quality, hydropriming, osmopriming, Botrytis spp., Penicillum spp.References
Alvarado A.D., Bradford K.J., 1988. Priming and storage of tomato seeds. I. Effects of storage temperature on germination rate and viability. Seed Sci. Tech. 16, 601–612.
Argerich C.A., Bradford K.J., Tarquis A.M., 1989. The effects of priming and ageing on resistance to deterioration of tomato seeds. J. Expt. Bot. 40, 593–598.
Basra S.M.A., Ullah E., Warraich E.A., Cheema M.A., Afzal I., 2003. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primed canola (Brassica napus) seeds. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 5(2), 117–120.
Bradford K.J., 1986. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortScience 21, 1105–1112.
Brocklehurst P.A., 1985. Factors affecting seed quality of vegetable crops. Sci. Hort. 36, 48–57.
Chilvers M.I., du Toit L.J., 2006. Detection and identification of Botrytis species associated with neck rot, scape blight, and umbel blight of onion. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-1127-01-DG.
Choudhuri N., Basu N.R., 1988. Maintenance of seed vigour and viability of onion (Allium cepa L.). Seed Sci. Tech. 16, 51–61.
Dearman J., Brocklehurst P.A., Drew R.L.K., 1986. Effect of osmotic priming and ageing on onion seed germination. Ann. App. Biol. 108, 639–648.
Dearman J., Brocklehurst P.A., Drew R.L.K., 1987. Effects of osmotic priming and ageing on the germination and emergence of carrot and leek seed. Ann. App. Biol. 111, 717–722.
Dorna H., Tylkowska K., Wei Y.H., Marcinek R., 2005. Germination and health of onion (Allium cepa) seeds after priming combined with chemical and biological treatments. Phytopathol. Pol. 37, 69–81.
Drew R.L.K., Hands L.J., Gray D., 1997. Relating the effects of priming to germination of unprimed seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 25, 537–548.
Frett J.J., Pill W.G., 1989. Germination characteristic of osmotically primed and stored Impatiens seeds. Sci. Hort. 40, 171–179.
Gallardo K., Job C., Groot S.P.C., Puype M., Demol H., Vandekerckhove J., Job D., 2001. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis seed germination and priming. Plant Physiol. 126, 835–848.
Han Y.M., 2003. Germination and health of primed onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds after twomonths storage. MSc thesis. A. Cieszkowski Agricultural University in Poznań.
ISTA, 2006. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
Jalink H., van der Schoor R., 1999. SeedCalculator 2.1. License number: 100200122. Plant Research International, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Janas R., Habdas H., Szafirowska A., 2000. Health status and cytological changes in matriconditioned seeds. Phytopathol. Pol. 19, 117–125.
Jensen B., Knudsen I.M.B., Madsen M., Jensen D.F., 2004. Biopriming of infected carrot seed with antagonist, Clonostachys rosea, selected for control of seedborne Alternaria spp. Phytopathology 94(6), 551–560.
Khan A.A., 1992. Preplant physiological seed conditioning. Hort. Rev. 13, 131–181.
Machado J.C., Langerak C.J., Jaccoud-Filho D.S., 2002. Seed-borne Fungi: A Contribution to Routine Seed Health Analysis. International Seed Testing Association. Basserdorf, Switzerland.
Mathur S.B., Kongsdal O., 2003. Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Maude R.B., 1996. Seedborne diseases and their control. Principles and practice. CAB Int., Wallingford.
Maude R.B., Presly A.H., 1997a. Neck rot (Botrytis allii) of bulb onions. I. Seed-borne infection and its relationship to the disease in the onion crop. Ann. App. Biol. 86, 163–180.
Maude R.B., Presly A.H., 1997b. Neck rot (Botrytis allii) of bulb onions. II. Seed-borne infection in relationship to the disease in store and the effect of seed treatment. Ann. App. Biol. 86, 181–188.
Michel B.E., Kaufmann M.R., 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiolol. 51, 914–916.
Nascimento W.M., West S.H., 1998. Microorganism growth during muskmelon seed priming. Seed Sci. Tech. 26, 531–534.
Oluoch M.O., Welbaum G.E., 1996. Viability and vigour of osmotically primed muskmelon seeds after nine years of storage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121(2), 408–413.
Owen P.L., Pill W.G., 1994. Germination of osmotically primed asparagus and tomato seeds after storage up to three months. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119(3), 636–641.
Pereira Kikuti A.L., Marcos-Filho J., 2008. Drying and storage of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) hydroprimed seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 36, 396–406.
Pill W.G., Finch-Savage W.E., 1988. Effect of combining priming and plant growth regulator treatments on the synchronisation of carrot seed germination. Ann. Appl. Biol. 113, 383–389.
Pill W.G., Frett J.J., Morneau D.C., 1991. Germination and seedling emergence of primed tomato and asparagus seeds under adverse conditions. HortScience 26, 1160–1162.
Rao N.K., Roberts E.H., Ellis R.H., 1987. The influence of pre and post storage hydration treatments on chromosomal aberrations, seedling abnormalities, and viability of lettuce seeds. Ann. Bot. 60, 97–108.
Richardson M.J., 1990. An annotated list of seed-borne diseases. ISTA, Zürich, Switzerland.
Tylkowska K., Biniek A., 1996. Fungi and germination of carrot and parsley seeds under osmoconditioning and fungicide treatment. Phytopathol. Pol. 12, 51–61.
Tylkowska K., Dorna H., 1996. The relationship between the health status of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds and their viability and vigour. Phytopathol. Pol. 12, 63–77.
Tylkowska K., Dorna H., 2001. Onion (Allium cepa L.) seed and plant health with special reference to Botrytis alli Munn. Phytopathol. Pol. 21, 55–68.
Tylkowska K., van den Bulk R.W., 2001. Effects of osmo- and hydropriming on fungal infestation levels and germination of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds contaminated with Alternaria spp. Seed Sci. Tech. 29, 365–375.
Wright B., Rowse H., Whipps J.M., 2003. Microbial population dynamics on seeds during drum and steeping priming. Plant Soil 255(2), 631–640.
Wurr D.C.E., Fellows J.R., 1984. The effect of grading and priming seeds of crisp lettuce cv Saladin, on germination at high temperature, seed vigour, and crop uniformity. Ann. Appl. Biol. 105, 345–352.
Zhang Y.H., 2000. The effect of hydro- and osmopriming on health and germination of onion seeds and seedling emergence. MSc thesis. A. Cieszkowski Agricultural University in Poznań.
Argerich C.A., Bradford K.J., Tarquis A.M., 1989. The effects of priming and ageing on resistance to deterioration of tomato seeds. J. Expt. Bot. 40, 593–598.
Basra S.M.A., Ullah E., Warraich E.A., Cheema M.A., Afzal I., 2003. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primed canola (Brassica napus) seeds. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 5(2), 117–120.
Bradford K.J., 1986. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortScience 21, 1105–1112.
Brocklehurst P.A., 1985. Factors affecting seed quality of vegetable crops. Sci. Hort. 36, 48–57.
Chilvers M.I., du Toit L.J., 2006. Detection and identification of Botrytis species associated with neck rot, scape blight, and umbel blight of onion. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-1127-01-DG.
Choudhuri N., Basu N.R., 1988. Maintenance of seed vigour and viability of onion (Allium cepa L.). Seed Sci. Tech. 16, 51–61.
Dearman J., Brocklehurst P.A., Drew R.L.K., 1986. Effect of osmotic priming and ageing on onion seed germination. Ann. App. Biol. 108, 639–648.
Dearman J., Brocklehurst P.A., Drew R.L.K., 1987. Effects of osmotic priming and ageing on the germination and emergence of carrot and leek seed. Ann. App. Biol. 111, 717–722.
Dorna H., Tylkowska K., Wei Y.H., Marcinek R., 2005. Germination and health of onion (Allium cepa) seeds after priming combined with chemical and biological treatments. Phytopathol. Pol. 37, 69–81.
Drew R.L.K., Hands L.J., Gray D., 1997. Relating the effects of priming to germination of unprimed seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 25, 537–548.
Frett J.J., Pill W.G., 1989. Germination characteristic of osmotically primed and stored Impatiens seeds. Sci. Hort. 40, 171–179.
Gallardo K., Job C., Groot S.P.C., Puype M., Demol H., Vandekerckhove J., Job D., 2001. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis seed germination and priming. Plant Physiol. 126, 835–848.
Han Y.M., 2003. Germination and health of primed onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds after twomonths storage. MSc thesis. A. Cieszkowski Agricultural University in Poznań.
ISTA, 2006. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
Jalink H., van der Schoor R., 1999. SeedCalculator 2.1. License number: 100200122. Plant Research International, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Janas R., Habdas H., Szafirowska A., 2000. Health status and cytological changes in matriconditioned seeds. Phytopathol. Pol. 19, 117–125.
Jensen B., Knudsen I.M.B., Madsen M., Jensen D.F., 2004. Biopriming of infected carrot seed with antagonist, Clonostachys rosea, selected for control of seedborne Alternaria spp. Phytopathology 94(6), 551–560.
Khan A.A., 1992. Preplant physiological seed conditioning. Hort. Rev. 13, 131–181.
Machado J.C., Langerak C.J., Jaccoud-Filho D.S., 2002. Seed-borne Fungi: A Contribution to Routine Seed Health Analysis. International Seed Testing Association. Basserdorf, Switzerland.
Mathur S.B., Kongsdal O., 2003. Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Maude R.B., 1996. Seedborne diseases and their control. Principles and practice. CAB Int., Wallingford.
Maude R.B., Presly A.H., 1997a. Neck rot (Botrytis allii) of bulb onions. I. Seed-borne infection and its relationship to the disease in the onion crop. Ann. App. Biol. 86, 163–180.
Maude R.B., Presly A.H., 1997b. Neck rot (Botrytis allii) of bulb onions. II. Seed-borne infection in relationship to the disease in store and the effect of seed treatment. Ann. App. Biol. 86, 181–188.
Michel B.E., Kaufmann M.R., 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiolol. 51, 914–916.
Nascimento W.M., West S.H., 1998. Microorganism growth during muskmelon seed priming. Seed Sci. Tech. 26, 531–534.
Oluoch M.O., Welbaum G.E., 1996. Viability and vigour of osmotically primed muskmelon seeds after nine years of storage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121(2), 408–413.
Owen P.L., Pill W.G., 1994. Germination of osmotically primed asparagus and tomato seeds after storage up to three months. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119(3), 636–641.
Pereira Kikuti A.L., Marcos-Filho J., 2008. Drying and storage of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) hydroprimed seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 36, 396–406.
Pill W.G., Finch-Savage W.E., 1988. Effect of combining priming and plant growth regulator treatments on the synchronisation of carrot seed germination. Ann. Appl. Biol. 113, 383–389.
Pill W.G., Frett J.J., Morneau D.C., 1991. Germination and seedling emergence of primed tomato and asparagus seeds under adverse conditions. HortScience 26, 1160–1162.
Rao N.K., Roberts E.H., Ellis R.H., 1987. The influence of pre and post storage hydration treatments on chromosomal aberrations, seedling abnormalities, and viability of lettuce seeds. Ann. Bot. 60, 97–108.
Richardson M.J., 1990. An annotated list of seed-borne diseases. ISTA, Zürich, Switzerland.
Tylkowska K., Biniek A., 1996. Fungi and germination of carrot and parsley seeds under osmoconditioning and fungicide treatment. Phytopathol. Pol. 12, 51–61.
Tylkowska K., Dorna H., 1996. The relationship between the health status of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds and their viability and vigour. Phytopathol. Pol. 12, 63–77.
Tylkowska K., Dorna H., 2001. Onion (Allium cepa L.) seed and plant health with special reference to Botrytis alli Munn. Phytopathol. Pol. 21, 55–68.
Tylkowska K., van den Bulk R.W., 2001. Effects of osmo- and hydropriming on fungal infestation levels and germination of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds contaminated with Alternaria spp. Seed Sci. Tech. 29, 365–375.
Wright B., Rowse H., Whipps J.M., 2003. Microbial population dynamics on seeds during drum and steeping priming. Plant Soil 255(2), 631–640.
Wurr D.C.E., Fellows J.R., 1984. The effect of grading and priming seeds of crisp lettuce cv Saladin, on germination at high temperature, seed vigour, and crop uniformity. Ann. Appl. Biol. 105, 345–352.
Zhang Y.H., 2000. The effect of hydro- and osmopriming on health and germination of onion seeds and seedling emergence. MSc thesis. A. Cieszkowski Agricultural University in Poznań.
Hanna Dorna
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Magdalena Jarosz
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Dorota Szopińska
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Izabela Szulc
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Agnieszka Rosińska
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
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