INFLUENCE OF MULCHING AND NITROGEN NUTRITIONON BEAR GARLIC (Allium ursinum L.) GROWTH
Tadeusz Kęsik
University of Life Sciences in LublinMarzena Błażewicz-Woźniak
University of Life Sciences in LublinAnna Ewa Michowska
University of Life Sciences in LublinAbstract
Bear garlic (Allium ursinum L.) has antiseptic, bacteriostatic, and anti-parasitic properties. Besides medicinal features, it is characterized by excellent taste quality. It can be used as a spice and component of numerous dishes. Due to an increase of needs for that material in cuisine, it is necessary to work out nutritional requirements of the species. Therefore, the aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of mulching using pine bark and various nitrogen nutrition rates (0; 75, and 150 kg N.ha-1) on bear garlic growth in the field cultivation. Mulching the soil with a bark had positive effects on bear garlic growth, which was expressed as the length and width of leaf blades, length of petioles, as well as weight of leaves and bulbs. The bear garlic leaves were of 263.1 mm length and 58.6 mm width in bark-mulched objects at the harvest time. The weight of foliage from a single plant ranged from 5.64 to 7.10 g, which was almost twice as high as in nonmulched
cultivation. Nitrogen nutrition had no univocal influence on morphological traits of bark and fertilized with 75 kg N.ha-1. It was found that optimum growth and yielding conditions for bear garlic were created by field cultivation using pine bark as a mulching and moderate nitrogen nutrition.
Keywords:
Allium ursinum, cultivation, pine bark, nitrogen, growth, yield, leaves, bulbsReferences
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Zaongo C.G.L., Wendt C.W., Lascano R.J. Juo A.S.R., 1997. Interactions of water, mulch and nitrogen on sorghum in Niger. Plant Soil 197, 119–126.
Aulakh P.S., Sur H.S., 1999. Effect of mulching on soil temperature, soil moisture, weed population, growth and yield in pomegranate. Prog. Hort. 31, 3–4, 131–133.
Bhuiya M.A.K., Rahim M.A., Chowdhury M.N.A., 2003. Effect of Planting Time, Mulch and Irrigation on the Growth and Yield of Garlic.Asian J. Plant Sci. 2, 8, 639–643.
Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2006. Wpływ czynników agrotechnicznych na wzrost i plonowanie kopru włoskiego (Foeniculumvulgarevar. azoricum Mill.). Rozpr. Nauk. AR w Lublinie, 314, 133 s.
Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2009. Effect of covering and sowing date on the emergence and growth of two fennel cultivars grown in the field. Annales UMCS sec. EEE, Horticultura, 19(2), 1–10.
Błażewicz-Woźniak M., Kęsik T., 2010. Indicators of soil aggregation and their changes in conservation tillage for onion. Acta Sci. Pol., HortorumCultus 9(1), 73–85.
Boss-Teichmann C., 2009. Czosnek niedźwiedzi. Wyd. Bellona, Warszawa, ISBN 978-83-11-11472-2, 24–31.
Carotenuto A., De Feo V., Fattorusso E., Lanzotti V., Magno S., Cicala C., 1996. The flavonoids of Allium ursinum. Phytochemistry 41(2), 531–536.
Corrêa T.M., Paludo S.K., Resende F.V., Oliveira P.S.R., 2003. Adubação química e cobertura morta em alho proveniente de cultura de tecidos. Hortic. Brasil. 21, 4, 601–604.
Chybowski J., 1997. Badanie aktywności przeciwrobaczej wyciągów czosnkowych. Herba Polonica 43, 4, 383–387.
Dyduch J., Najda A., 2003. The dependence on the number of air bulbils in the maternal umbel of winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) and morphological features and quality of grown up plants. Acta Sci. Pol. HortorumCultus 2(1), 13–19.
Dzida K., Pitura K., 2008. The influence of varied nitrogen fertilization on yield and chemical composition of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. ciclaL.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 7(3), 15–24.
Eggert A., 1992. Dry matter economy and reproduction of a temperate forest spring geophyte, Allium ursinum. Ecography 15, 45–53.
Farooqui M.A., Naruka I.S., Rathore S.S., Singh P.P., Shaktawat R.P.S., 2009. Effect of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativumL.). As. J. Food Ag-Ind., Spec. Iss., 18–23.
Fijałkowski D., Chojnacka-Fijałkowska E., 2009. Rośliny lecznicze na Lubelszczyźnie. LTN, Wyd. Olech, ISBN 9788392847250, 48–50.
Gaviola S., Lipinski V.M., 2008. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and color of red garlic (Allium sativum) cultivars. Cien. Inv. Agr. 35(1), 57–64.
Islam M.J., Hossain A.K.M.M., Khanam F., Majumder U.K., Rahman M.M., Saifur R.M., 2007a. Effect of mulching and fertilization on growth and yield of garlic at dinajpur in Bangladesh. Asian J. Plant Sci., 6, 98–101.
Islam M.K., Alam M.F., Islam A.K.M.R., 2007b. Growth and yield response of onion (Alliumcepa L.) genotypes to different levels of fertilizers. Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(1), 33–38.
Jamil M., Munir M., Qasim M., Baloch J.U.D., Rehman K., 2005. Effect of Different Types of Mulches and Their Duration on the Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 7(4), 588–591.
Kęsik T., Konopiński M., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2006a. Wpływ uprawy przedzimowej i mulczu z roślin okrywających na retencję wody, zagęszczenie i porowatość dyferencyjną gleby po przezimowaniu. Acta Agrophysica 7(4), 135, 915–926.
Kęsik T., Konopiński M., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2006b. Influence of plant mulch and prewinter soil tillage on physical properties of soil, emergence and yielding of onion. IX ESA Congress 4–7 september 2006, Warszawa, Poland. Bibl. Fragm. Agron. 11, 2, 545–546.
Kuklová M., Kukla J., 2006. Natural Reserve Chynorianskyluh floodplain, its ecology and biometry of dominant herb species. Ekológia (Bratislava), 25, 4, 341–351.
Lošák T., Hlušek J., Kráčmar S., Mårtensson S., 2010. Effect of nitrogen and sulphurfertilisation on yields, nitrates and cysteine and methionine content in onion (Allium cepa l.). Acta Hort. (ISHS) 852, 297–304.
Łuczaj Ł., 2004. Dzikie rośliny jadalne Polski. Wyd. Chemigrafia, Krosno. ISBN 83-904633-5-0, 53–56.
Mairapetyan S.K., Tadevosyan A.H., Alexanyan S.S., Stepanyan B.T., 1999. Optimalization of the N:P:K ratio in the nutrient medium of some soilless aromatic and medicinal plants. Acta Hort., 502, 29–32.
Markiewicz B., Golcz A., Kozik E., 2002. Effect of nitrogen fertilization and of harvest term on the yield, content of essential oil and nitrogen in the herb of two cultivars of sweet basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.). Roczn. AR, Poznań, 341, 19–24.
Najda A., Dyduch J., 2005. Wpływ długości okresu wegetacji w polu oraz ściółkowania gleby na plonowanie roślin dwu odmian selera naciowego. Zesz. Nauk. AR Wrocław, Rol. 86, 515, 359–366.
Pliszka K., Ścibisz K., Rojek H., Żakowicz S., 1997. Effect of soil management and water stress upon growth and cropping of the highbush blueberry. Acta Hort. 446, 487–495.
Popiołek Z., Grądziel T., Izdebski K., 1994. Ekologiczna ocena stanowisk Alliumursinum L. i A. victorialis L. w Roztoczańskim Parku Narodowym. Annales UMCS, sec. C, Biologia, 49, 59–73.
Rekowska E., 1998. Wpływ różnych sposobów ściółkowania gleby na wielkość oraz jakość plonu czosnku. Rocz. AR Poznań 304, Ogrodnictwo 27, 251–256.
Rietz B., Isensee H., Strobach H., Makdessi S., Jacob R., 1993. Cardioprotective actions of wild garlic (Allium ursinum) in ischemia and reperfusion. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 119, 143–150.
Rychnovská M., Bednáø V., 1998. Floodplain forest: herb layer as indicator of its ecological status. Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc., Fac. Rer. Nat., Biol. 36, 7–15.
Sady W., 2000. Nawożenie warzyw polowych. Plantpress, Kraków, 98 s.
Siwek P., Libik A., 2005. Wpływ osłon z folii i włókniny w uprawie wczesnej selera naciowego na wielkość i jakość plonu. Zesz. Nauk. AR Wrocław, Rolnictwo 86, 515, 483–490.
Szafer W., Kulczyński S., Pawłowski B., 1986. Rośliny polskie. Część II. PWN Warszawa, 778–779.
Zaongo C.G.L., Wendt C.W., Lascano R.J. Juo A.S.R., 1997. Interactions of water, mulch and nitrogen on sorghum in Niger. Plant Soil 197, 119–126.
Tadeusz Kęsik
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Anna Ewa Michowska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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