Histological, hormonal and metabolic response triggered by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid-induced stem swelling in Solidago canadensis L.
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciołakowska
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-2566
Michał Dziurka
Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-6243
Justyna Góraj-Koniarska
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-0279
Urszula Kowalska
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-0493
Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-940X
Marcin Horbowicz
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-4034
Wiesław Wiczkowski
Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-5589
Kensuke Miyamoto
Osaka Metropolitan University, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Global Education, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, JapanJunichi Ueda
Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japanhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-7603-5670
Marian Saniewski
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Polandhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-2158-4443
Abstract
The effect of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, 5.0%, w/w in lanolin) on the growth of Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) stem was studied, focusing on histological analyses, comprehensive analyses of phytohormones and polar metabolites. NPA substantially induced stem swelling at and above the application site and stimulated vascular cambium activity around the area of its application. The cambial zone in the swelling part of the stem was twice as wide as that treated with lanolin only (control). The proliferation of cambial cells increased xylem production and, consequently, vascular bundle thickness. A significant enlargement of parenchymatous pith cells and an increased diameter of the pith were also observed. Comprehensive phytohormone analyses revealed that NPA increased the content of indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-acetyl-aspartic acid in the swelling part of the stem, as well as trans-zeatin riboside. These results suggest that NPA-induced stem swelling depends on the dynamics of changes in aux-in and cytokinin metabolites. Furthermore, the contents of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) as well as malic, succinic, fumaric acids, cyclitols and quinic acid derivatives in-creased markedly in the swelling stem. This may indicate that the site of NPA-induced stem swell-ing is a physiological sink for polar metabolites needed for the growth of this tissue. Thus, it seems that auxins, in interaction with cytokinins, regulate the strength of the sink, controlling the transport of polar metabolites into the swelling part of S. canadensis stem.
Keywords:
auxin transport inhibitor, Canadian goldenrod, secondary growth, stem swelling, vascular cambium, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acidReferences
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The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-2566
Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-6243
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-0279
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-0493
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-940X
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-4034
Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-5589
Osaka Metropolitan University, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Global Education, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7603-5670
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2158-4443
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